Not everyone who uses violence against his or her intimate partner is a batterer. It is essential to conduct a full, contextualized analysis of any violent relationship to determine if there is battering in the relationship and, if so, who is the batterer. This information is extremely important in the formulation of helpful and just responses to ongoing victims of battering who have been arrested for assaulting their partners.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Allard, P. (2002). Life sentences: Denying welfare benefits to women convicted of drug offenses. Washington, DC: The Sentencing Project.
2.
Bachman, R., & Saltzman, L. (1995). Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned National Crime Victimization Survey. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics.
3.
Bhattacharjee, A. (2001). Whose safety? Women of color and violence of law enforcement. Philadelphia, PA: American Friends Service Committee, Committee on Women, Population, and the Environment.
4.
Coker, D. (2001). Crime control and feminist law reform in domestic violence law: A critical review. Buffalo Criminal Law Review, 4, 801-860.
5.
Currie, D. H. (1998). Violent men or violent women? Whose definition counts? In R. K. Bergen (Ed.), Issues in intimate violence (pp. 97-111). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
6.
Dasgupta, S. D. (1999). Just like men? A critical view of violence by women. In M. F. Shepard & E. L. Pence (Eds.), Coordinating community responses to domestic violence: Lessons from Duluth and beyond (pp. 195-222). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
7.
Dasgupta, S. D. (2002). A framework for understanding women's use of non-lethal violence in intimate heterosexual relationships. Violence Against Women, 8, 1368-1393.
8.
DeKeseredy, W. S., & Schwartz, M. D. (1998). Measuring the extent of woman abuse in intimate heterosexual relationships: A critique of the Conflict Tactics Scales. Retrieved January 10, 2002, from VAWnet Web site, http://www.vawnet.org/vnl/library/general/AR_ctscrit.html
9.
Dobash, R. P., Dobash, R. E., Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1992). The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence. Social Problems, 39, 71-91.
10.
Erez, E. & Belknap, J. (1998). In their own words: Battered women's assessment of the criminal processing system's responses. Violence and Victims, 13, 251-268.
11.
Fleury, R. (2002). Missing voices: Patterns of battered women's satisfaction with the criminal legal system. Violence Against Women, 8, 181-205.
12.
Hamberger, K. L., & Guse, C. E. (2002). Men's and women's use of intimate partner violence in clinical samples. Violence Against Women, 8, 1305-1335.
13.
Hirsch, A. E., Dietrich, S. M., Landau, R., Schneider, P. D., Ackelsberg, I., Bernstein-Baker, J., et al. (2002). Every door closed: Barriers facing parents with criminal records. Washington, DC: Center for Law and Social Policy and Philadelphia, PA: Community Legal Services, Inc. Retrieved June 30, 2002, from http://www.clasp.org/pubs/legalservices/Every_Door_Closed.pdf
14.
Hirschel, D., & Buzawa, E. (2002). Understanding the context of dual arrest with directions for future research. Violence Against Women, 8, 1449-1473.
15.
Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000). Research on domestic violence in the 1990s: Making distinctions. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62, 948-963.
16.
Kimmel, M. S. (2002). “Gender symmetry” in domestic violence: A substantive and methodological research review. Violence Against Women, 8, 1336-1367.
17.
Miller, S. L. (2001). The paradox of women arrested for domestic violence. Violence Against Women, 7, 1339-1376.
18.
Moffitt, T. E., & Caspi, A. (1999). Findings about partner violence from the Dunedin multidisciplinary health and development study [Electronic version]. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.
19.
National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women. (2001). The impact of arrests and convictions on battered women. Unpublished manuscript. Philadelphia: Author.
20.
National Clearinghouse for the Defense of Battered Women (2002). Arrest packet. Unpublished manuscript. Philadelphia: Author.
21.
National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice (November, 2000). Workshop on gender symmetry [Report prepared for the Violence and Victimization Division, Office of Research and Evaluation]. Retrieved June 25, 2001, from http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/vawprog/proceed.htm
22.
Peterson, K. S. (1999, July 14). Women as likely as men to inflict domestic violence. USA Today, p. D10-D10.
23.
Ptacek, J. (1999). Battered women in the courtroom: The power of judicial responses. Boston: Northeastern University Press.
24.
Renzetti, C. M. (1999). The challenge to feminism posed by women's use of violence in intimate relationships. In S. Lamb (Ed.), New version of victims: Feminists struggle with the concept (pp. 42-56). New York: New York University Press.
25.
Richie, B. E. (1996). Compelled to crime: The gender entrapment of battered Black women.New York: Routledge.
26.
Saunders, D. G. (2002). Are physical assaults by wives and girlfriends a major social problem? A review of the literature. Violence Against Women, 8, 1424-1448.
27.
Stark, E., & Flitcraft, A. (1988). Violence among intimates: An epidemiological review. In V. V. Van Hasselt, R. L. Morrison, A. S. Bellack, & M. Hersen (Eds.), Handbook of family violence (pp. 293-317). New York: Plenum.
28.
Stein, G. (1998). Sacred Emily. In Writings, 1903-1932. New York: Library of America.
29.
Straus, M. A. (1993). Physical assaults by wives: A major social problem. In R. J. Gelles & D. R. Loseke (Eds.), Current controversies on family violence (pp. 67-87). Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
30.
Straus, M. A. (1999). The controversy over domestic violence by women. In X. B. Arriaga & S. Oskamp (Eds.), Violence in intimate relationships (pp. 17-44). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
31.
Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1986). Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 465-479.
32.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence Against Women, 6, 142-161.
33.
Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2001, Spring). Women who use force [Special newsletter issue]. 20(1).