Abstract
The idea of doing a self-guided series of prompts for a largescale project in the midst of a global pandemic emerged as a solution to the twin problems of distance and distraction. The goal of a “21-day autoethnography challenge” set of self-guided prompts was to build embodied sensibilities toward the material we study, practice autoethnographic forms of writing and analysis, and transform personal experiences through this COVID-19 moment into critical understanding of scale, sensemaking, and relationality of humans, nonhumans, and the planet. This article showcases the prompts to illustrate the method and flexible adaptation required for the project.
Keywords
Has COVID-19 changed how we do social research? Yes and no. While those of us in internet and digital culture studies have faced the challenges—and opportunities—of research in distributed, networked, online, virtual, or otherwise-named non-proximal contexts since the early 1990s, there are some unique qualities to our present circumstances that present challenges for largescale collaborative research.
In this article, we sketch the decision behind using a self-guided “21-day challenge” format and list all the prompts we used for fostering engagement around “Massive and Microscopic Sensemaking in times of COVID-19” project (hereafter,
The immediate and overwhelming level of interest was a powerful indicator of how much people really wanted to connect with others to try and make sense of this strange time of global trauma. We received over 150 expressions of interest, from people all over the world, all of whom had unique and poignant stories and vital reasons to conduct this research of their own lived experience. We found ourselves in a position where we could not narrow this group to a select group of 10 or 20 or even 50. The ethic of the moment compelled us to invite all of them to participate.
The idea of doing a self-guided series of prompts emerged as a solution to the twin problems of distance and distraction. While we could have devised many small group collaboration sessions, it was impossible to find times that would work for even small groupings of people. Even our own efforts to meet during this time were hampered by distractions of dealing with setting up logistics for remote work, learning new routines, continuing to meet the demands of our “day jobs,” not to mention the constant hammering impact of globally felt grief and shock. We knew our participant-authors would be feeling the same, if not more impact. So even if we could figure out some groupings for videoconference meetings within time zones, how could we expect people to be able to attend these sessions? These challenges required a creative approach to building a possibility of collective, if not collaborative engagement and participation.
The use of prompts, either at a distance or in physical proximity, has a long history in anthropology and more recently, design fields such as human and computer interaction (HCI). Classically, as a part of interviewing, ethnographers might offer an object or image to elicit comment, spark a memory, encourage people to talk, check that the ethnographer has correctly understood, or get people to elaborate on answers or ideas (for textbook treatment of these techniques in ethnographic interviewing, c.f., Gobo, 2008; Spradley, 1979). Photo elicitation, photo voice method, autophotography, and walking probes (e.g., walk-along or think-along) are all part of this larger tradition, each providing variations on intent and technique. 1 Some practices are simply baked into practices that accompany the ethnographic encounter. Others are more deliberate or conscious, such as Light et al.’s (2018) “walkthrough” method, which is a specific sort of guided tour to help researchers gain granular detail about how people interact with and think about their digital interfaces. In design research, the term “cultural probe” has become the term of choice for a range of related practices. Gaver et al. (1999) proposed this term without reference to the long legacy of visual elicitation frameworks, but with inspiration from the situationist art movement. Their showcase of “packages” for cultural probes helped spark new energy toward creative forms and practices for giving participants in studies some sort of materials that will elicit reflection, thought, and a response for researchers.
Our development of prompts aligns with these legacies but draws on common forms of promoting or sparking engagement in arts-based creative practices such as curating exhibitions in museums, building provocations in theaters, engaging with communities through performative theater of the oppressed, raising public awareness and engagement through arts-based interventions, or designing critical pedagogy.
The “21-day challenge” also riffs off many other types of yoga, meditation, and diet challenges. We decided to send out one prompt daily via social media or email to activate participants in each 24-hr period. The participants used the prompts as provocations to make sense of a range of experiences during COVID-19. The prompts focused on how the pandemic situation could be framed simultaneously or iteratively as “macro” and “micro.” Or, as we repeated in the prompts every day like a mantra: The goal is to build our embodied sensibilities toward the material we study, practice autoethnographic forms of writing and analysis, and transform our personal experiences through this COVID-19 moment into critical understanding of scale, sensemaking, and relationality of humans, nonhumans, and the planet.
The idea was to help ourselves and other participants build a daily habit and also push past existing limits by offering different forms of activities. Each activity might ask the viewer to follow along (like a fitness workout), try something new, accomplish a task, or revisit a previous response with a different prompt. We knew that these prompts would, like any form of routine around method, help researchers:
Stretch unused (or perhaps new) ways of seeing, moving, and knowing, and build our “autoethnographic” muscles.
Focus energy on producing material that is evocative, vivid, and personalized yet at the same time not simply a diary entry.
Practice forms of writing, imaging, or moving that connect and remark on the connections and divergences between the granular and global, massive and micro, everyday and cultural, biological and social, technological and relational.
Engage in activities that help us get into the mind-set of the bricoleur: how writing is not just a reflection of what we already know but a way of coming to know something, how the process of making is the process of sensemaking, or how we are continuously generating layers of data to analyze in how we focus our attention in various ways, in micro moments of everyday life, as well as everyday actions of fieldwork.
Initially, in the spirit of open-ended and nonlinear inquiry practices, we created the prompts as a self-select list, like a menu card, or more precisely in our layout, a bingo card (see Figure 1). People could then pick and choose which prompts they wanted to follow, not restricted to the linear flow we might choose as facilitators. This was not without extensive discussion and deliberation. We brought to this project long and varied experiences in critical pedagogy and performative public engagements. With this experience, we recognized that we would be conceptually and pragmatically trying to accommodate competing demands. On one hand, we wanted to promote a feeling of openness to different forms and processes of knowing. Yet on the other hand, we both had pedagogical models in mind as we built the sequence. And in general, we wanted to be as transparent as possible and make it easy to participate.

Using a “bingo card” grid format for prompts.
For a time, we took a middle ground stance: We would provide both a sequence and the bingo grid for those who wanted to see all the prompts at once. That way, we could be transparent about the whole thing but still articulate our preferred sequence and build in such things as moving from easier topics to more difficult over time, revisiting earlier prompts to practice iterative sensemaking cycles, and promoting a sense of surprise each day.
On the evening before we launched, we (fortunately) ran into a glitch that caused us to reject the self-select bingo grid: The glitch was that we suddenly felt like we needed to change the first day’s prompt. This jolted us into realizing that we needed to build in the ability to be flexible and adapt to changing circumstances. In retrospect, it seems an obvious choice. But it also emphasizes how being swept along by a planned procedure can create a methodological trajectory that gets in the way of maintaining a stance and state of flexible adaptation. By removing the bingo grid, we were able to better meet the changing needs of the inherently messy context in which we were situated.
The overall process was successful in more ways than we could have imagined. People used these prompts as springboards to dive to more analytical depths in their thinking about everyday life, work, and relationships in a pandemic. Whether they were generating insights for themselves or in anticipation of writing scholarly articles or creating more fully developed artworks, they were for the most part engaged, having fun, working intensely, and building.
We end our discussion here. The remainder of this piece comprises the 21 prompts. To give the reader a sense of the way the style or voice changed over the course of the 21 days, we have left these as close to the original formatting as possible and show images when we used them to accompany our posts (Figures 2-12). For more details about the process and outcomes of the experiment, we refer readers to Markham et al. (2020) as well as the 23 pieces published as part of the special issue of

Photograph of a page from Linda Barry’s book, syllabus.

Image of an analog camera.

Image of a swab test.

Images of Victorian era allegorical maps.

Image of Adele Clarke’s situational maps.

Clipped image of a new mask being developed at Stanford University.

Image of dancers moving on stage.

Image of All mouth, no anus (saccorhytus coronarius).

Images from the artwork:

Image of a person wearing a mask with the phrase: Black Lives Matter.

Screenshot of the cover image of the 2018 book The Overstory by Richard Powers.
Welcome to Prompt 1
Welcome to 21 days of autoethnography challenge!
Do you have a dedicated notebook or file/folder for your fieldwork? A special pen?
Are you in a state of readiness? We recommend this easy 11-minute wake up by Yoga w/ Adriene (probably the most popular/promoted in North America even before the pandemic): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEEsdXn8oG8from
Every day, we’ll provide a task or idea for you to consider in relation to the questions we asked in our initial call for participation:
In these times, how are we making sense of the Self, the Other, and the World?
How is COVID-19 helping us think about the relationships between humans, machines, and the planet?
Through this pandemic, how might we understand the relation between massive and microscopic sensibilities and ways of knowing?
You have 24 hr to complete this task. The goal, as we will repeat daily like a mantra, is to build our embodied sensibilities toward the material we study, practice autoethnographic forms of analysis, and transform our personal experiences through this COVID-19 moment into critical understanding of scale, sensemaking, and relationality of humans, nonhumans, and the planet.
***May 18 Prompt***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 2
Every day, we’ll provide a task or idea for you to consider in relation to the questions we asked in our initial call for participation:
In these times, how are we making sense of the Self, the Other, and the World?
How is COVID-19 helping us think about the relationships between humans, machines, and the planet?
Through this pandemic, how might we understand the relation between massive and microscopic sensibilities and ways of knowing?
You have 24 hr to complete this task. The goal, as we will repeat daily like a mantra, is to build our embodied sensibilities toward the material we study, practice autoethnographic forms of analysis, and transform our personal experiences through this COVID-19 moment into critical understanding of scale, sensemaking, and relationality of humans, nonhumans, and the planet.
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 3
This project will involve making an exquisite corpse moving image project where four people will work collectively and sequentially to create four videos or image+sound+text works. The project will take approximately a week to complete, so allow yourself enough time to accomplish the work (24 to 48 hr for each stage, depending on time zone differences). Sign up when you’re ready to the
The project is a variation on EXC-19, a COVID-19 Exquisite Corpse video project, developed by moving image artist Midi Onodera in March 2020 (and scheduled for completion at the end of May 2020). Please see this video prepared as background: https://play.library.utoronto.ca/a01174072dfac4944c22da97ddee1de3
Readings:
Latimer, Joanna. (2008). Unsettling bodies: Frida Kahlo’s portraits and individuality.
Gotthardt, Alexxa. (2018, August 4). Explaining exquisite corpse: The surrealist drawing game that won’t die.
Instructions for making a variation on EXC-19:
After you sign up, and once there are four people in your group, the first person can start by writing down a maximum of 19 words that will become the script for the project you will produce together (suggestions for generating the script are at the bottom of the sign-up list).
The first person sends their words to the second person’s email/name (below them in their group of four on the sign-up list).
The second person on the list shoots some footage or takes some photographs inspired by these words, within 24 hr (which might become 48 hr because of time differences).
When finished, the second person sends the words + footage/images to the third person in their group of four on the sign-up list.
The third person will edit the footage/images together with the words within 24 hr (might become 48 hr). Note: You can use PPT and output it as a timed movie (.mov or .mp4), or any image/video editing software of your choice.
When finished, the third person sends the video they have edited to the fourth person in their group of four.
And this fourth person will create and add a soundtrack or change one final element of the video.
If you all agree, feel free to share the final project among the larger group (we will provide a folder where all the videos can go for viewing).
There’s a suggested process for script writing at the very bottom of the list if you would find this helpful.
Welcome to Day 4
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 5
Dear Adventurers,
Thanks for participating in this experience. We hope you feel it unfolding in amazing ways, as we do.
***Friday, May 21, 2020 Prompt # 5 ***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 6
Good morning Fellow Travelers! Well you’ve made it to Day 6, and we are so loving being connected in these micro and macro ways. Thank you for engaging in this pando-experiment and opening your minds, hearts, and voices to the daily unknown. We hope you enjoy Prompt 6!
***Today’s Prompt ***
―Lorraine Hansberry, The Sign in Sidney Brusteins’ Window
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 7 (Sunday, May 24)
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 8 (Monday, May 25)
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 9
Already? We are more than one-third of the way through this experiment!
Every day, we’ll provide a task or idea for you to consider in relation to the questions we asked in our initial call for participation. FEELING PRESSURE?? If you’re feeling pressure to complete these daily prompts, please just skip, pause, ignore, or otherwise make it fun again. We don’t want to add this pressure to your daily life:
***Today’s Prompt ***
***end prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 10 (May 27)
***Today’s Prompt ***
1. “
2. “
***End of Prompt ***
Every day, we’ll provide a task or idea for you to consider in relation to the questions we asked in our initial call for participation:
In these times, how are we making sense of the Self, the Other, and the World?
How is COVID-19 helping us think about the relationships between humans, machines, and the planet?
Through this pandemic, how might we understand the relation between massive and microscopic sensibilities and ways of knowing?
You have 24 hr to complete this task. The goal, as we will repeat daily like a mantra, is to build our embodied sensibilities toward the material we study, practice autoethnographic forms of analysis, and transform our personal experiences through this COVID-19 moment into critical understanding of scale, sensemaking, and relationality of humans, nonhumans, and the planet.
Welcome to Prompt 11
***Today’s Prompt ***
***end prompt***
For more, read Holman Jones, S. and Harris, A. (2016). “Traveling Skin: A Cartography of the Body” in Liminalities (Special Issue: Cartographies: Skins, Surfaces, and Doings): A Journal of Performance Studies, 12(1), n.p. http://liminalities.net/12-1/
Welcome to Prompt 12 (May 29)
***Today’s Prompt ***
**end prompt**
For more of Adele Clarke’s work on situational analysis, start with her
Also see Markham, A., & Lindgren, S. (2014). From object to flow: Network sensibility, symbolic interactionism, and social media.
https://doi.org/10.1111/10.1108/S0163-239620140000043012 or personal reprint at
For an extremely detailed discussion of the value and practices of concept mapping, see Novak and Cañas https://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/theory-of-concept-maps.php
Welcome to Prompt 13
Title: Biology, technology, human, machine
***Today’s Prompt ***
**end prompt**
Welcome to Prompt 14 (May 31)
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 15
Hello all,
Today, while parts of the world like the USA seem to be spinning out of control, we thought it might be useful to focus on a prompt that points our thinking toward matters of concern and future-oriented thinking.
***Today’s Prompt ***
“What next?”
***end prompt***
For Latour’s first mention of “matters of concern,” which has become a common turn of phrase for many scholars since, see:
Latour, B. (2004). Why has critique run out of steam? From matters of fact to matters of concern.
We hope you are well wherever you are.
Welcome to Prompt 16 (June 2)
Good morning from wintry Melbourne! In the interest of brevity on this 16th day of the experiment, we offer you the following short sharp provocation, care of feminist philosopher Karen Barad:
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt***
Welcome to Prompt 17 (June 3)
Dear all,
Here we are at Prompt 16. As we make sense of all that is around ous in these times, what are the comparisons and metaphors we draw? Every day, we’ll provide a task or idea for you to consider in relation to the questions we asked in our initial call for participation:
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 18 (June 4)
***Today’s Prompt ***
Micro, macro, and the political
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 19
With recognition that these last three prompts may not be the highest priority for you, we continue with the final three.
It’s worth noting that in any 21-day challenge, there is a stronger feeling of fatigue, a loss of energy for these last three prompts. This natural fatigue is exacerbated by current events.
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 20 (June 6)
***Today’s Prompt ***
***End Prompt ***
Welcome to Prompt 21
Today, we reach the end of our 21 prompts. This is not the end of our collaboration, by any means, but we wanted to take the opportunity offer our congratulations and gratitude.
Congrats! Seriously, congratulations for making it through, sticking with the experimental nature of this “21-day challenge,” and embracing this project. We are living in a very interesting historical moment, to say the least. And 4 weeks ago, when you committed to these 21 days, the world was different. So if you are here, and completed even a fraction of these prompts, you should consider it a success!
Also, we want to express our deep gratitude to you. Thank you so much! Your energy and contributions have been astonishing, fun, poignant, brilliant—oh, so brilliant!—and more meaningful than we could ever express. We hope you also felt it was meaningful and fruitful.
Early next week, we will send out information about the next steps. There will be another Call for Proposals/Papers for Qualitative Inquiry, and more information about submitting artworks for exhibition. But we will also invite you to participate in timezone-appropriate group chats with small groups of participants to talk about what happened, how your work is shifting or progressing, and to help brainstorm what would be most useful for you, in terms of publications, outlets, collaborations, and so on.
***Today’s Prompt ***
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vi-wczQdQ1o8ItvqrJ3KVIacdtPLtfsvmczqfgkp8vU/edit?usp=sharing
***End Prompt ***
Footnotes
Authors’ Note
Annette Markham is currently affiliated with RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Notes
Author Biographies
Annette Markham is internationally recognized for developing innovative frameworks for rethinking ethics and research design in the age of digital transformations. Her recent work considers the personal impact of datafication and the influence of algorithms and machine learning on human-machine interactions and relations. Her critical approaches often take the shape of public facing experiments and interventions, such as the
![]()
