Abstract
The Cherokee Advocate and the Indian Journal were promoters of Indian progress, an idea jeopardized by the Sioux and Cheyenne victory at the Little Bighorn in 1876. The papers responded by dropping their ideas of racial solidarity and emphasizing the differences between the progressive tribes of Indian Territory and those of the northern plains. The papers used indirect criticism of government policies and selective commentary from the white press to bolster support for their tribes and reassert their progressive ideology.
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