Defining Underinsurance: A Conceptual Framework for Policy and Empirical Analysis

Anderson, G.M. , R. Brook , and A. Williams. "A Comparison of Cost-Sharing versus Free Care in Children: Effects on the Demand for Office-based Medical Care." Medical Care 29, no. 9 (September 1991): 890-98.

Bashshur, R.L. , and C. Metzner. "Vulnerability to Risk and Awareness of Dual Choice of Health Insurance Plan." Health Services Research 5, no. 2 (Summer 1970 ): 61-75.

Bashshur, R.L. , C. Webb , and R.K. Homan. Health Insurance Survey of Michigan on Access to Care. Lansing, MI: Governor's Task Force on Access to Health Care, 1989.

Boodman, S.G. "Underinsured? Insufficient Coverage Poses Plenty of Perils." Washington Post (11 May 1992): 1.

Brook, R. "Health, Health Insurance, and the Uninsured." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 22 (12 June 1991): 2998-3002.

Brown, E.R. "Access to Health Insurance in the United States." Medical Care Review 46, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 350-85.

Burke, T.P. , and R.S. Jain. "Trends in Employer-Provided Health Care Benefits." Monthly Labor Review 114, no. 2 (February 1991): 24-30.

Cafferata, G.L. "Knowledge of Their Health Insurance Coverage by the Elderly." Medical Care 22, no. 9 (September 1984): 835-47.

Cotlin, K. , B. Lubash , and C. Singer. "Effects of Removing the Waiting Period for Maternity Benefits in an HMO." Group Health Journal 2, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 12-19.

Cotton, P. "Pre-existing Conditions 'Hold Americans Hostage' to Employers and Insurance." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 19 (15 May 1991): 2451-53.

Crittenden, R. , and C.W. Madden. "Health Insurance for the Uninsured: An Evaluation of Plan Design Preferences." Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research 9 (1988): 99-112.

Davidson, B.N. "Designing Health Insurance Information for the Medicare Beneficiary: A Policy Synthesis." Health Services Research 23, no. 5 (December 1988): 685-720.

Diamond, L.J. "Commentary: The Health Policy Agenda Basic Benefits Package : Implications for the Uninsured." Journal of Medical Practice Management 5, no. 1 (Summer 1989): 18-21.

Dunlop, B.D. , J.A. Wells , and G.R. Wilensky. "The Influence of Insurance Coverage and the Health Care Utilization Patterns of the Elderly." The Journal of Health and Human Resource Administration 11, no. 3 (1989): 285-311.

Eckhuldt, L. , J.F. Outreville , M. Lauwers , and F. Calcoen. "The Impact of a Probationary Period on the Demand for Insurance." Journal of Risk and Insurance 25, no. 2 (June 1988): 217-88.

Eddy, D.M. "What Care Is Essential? What Services Are Basic?" Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 6 (13 February 1991): 782-88.

Ellis, R.P. , and T.G. McGuire. "Optimal Payment Systems for Health Services." Journal of Health Economics 9, no. 4 (December 1990): 375-96.

Employee Benefits Research Institute. Sources of Health Insurance and Characteristics of the Uninsured, Analysis of the March 1991 Current Population Survey. Issue Brief 123. Washington, DC: EBRI, February 1992 .

Farley, P.J. "Who Are the Underinsured?" Milbank Quarterly 63, no. 3 (Summer 1985 ): 476-503.

Feldman, R. , and B. Dowd. "A New Estimate of the Welfare Loss of Excess Health Insurance ." American Economic Review 81, no. 1 (March 1991): 297-301.

Fergusson, D.M. , L.J. Horwood , and F.T. Shannon. "Reasons for Holding Health Insurance: A Study of a Group of Christchurch Families." New Zealand Medical Journal 99, no. 802 (May 1986 ): 371-73.

Freedman, S.A. , B.R. Klepper , R.P. Duncan , and S.P. Bell. "Coverage of the Uninsured and Underinsured: A Proposal for School Enrollment-based Family Health Insurance." New England Journal of Medicine 318, no. 13 (31 March 1988): 843-47.

Freeman, H.E. , L.H. Ailen , R.J. Blendon , and C.R. Corey. "Uninsured Working-Age Adults: Characteristics and Consequences ." Health Services Research 24, no. 6 (February 1990): 811-23.

Friedman, E. "The Uninsured: From Dilemma to Crisis." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 19 (15 May 1991): 2491-95.

Gabel, J.R. , and G.A. Jensen. "The Price of State Mandated Benefits." Inquiry 26, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 419-31.

Gerst, A. , L. Rogson , and R. Hetherington . "Patterns of Satisfaction with Health Plan Coverage: A Conceptual Approach." Inquiry 6, no. 3 (September 1969): 37-51.

Gleicher, N. "Expansion of Health Care to the Uninsured and Underinsured Has To Be Cost-Neutral." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 18 (8 May 1991): 2388-90.

Goldstein, J.C. "Access to Care-The Problem for the Uninsured and Underinsured : The View from Washington." Archives of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery 117, no. 5 (May 1991): 490-92.

Hall, C.P. "The Economics and Politics of Mandated Health Benefits: A Pennsylvania Case Study." Benefits Quarterly 5, no. 1 (First quarter 1989): 11-17.

Harkin, T. "Caring for the Uninsured and Underinsured: Another Pound of Cure." Journal of the American Medical Association 266, no. 12 (25 September 1991): 1692-93.

Holstein, M. , and M. Minkler. "The Short Lived and Painful Death of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act." International Journal of Health Services 21, no. 1 (1991): 1-16.

Homan, R.K. , G.L. Glandon , and M.A. Counte. "Perceived Risk: The Link to Plan Selection and Future Utilization." Journal of Risk and Insurance 26, no. 1 (March 1989 ): 67-82.

Jensen, G.A. , and J.R. Gabel. "The Erosion of Purchased Health Insurance." Inquiry 25, no. 3 (Fall 1988): 328-43.

Juba, D.A. , J.R. Lave , and J. Shaddy. "An Analysis of the Choice of Health Benefits Plans." Inquiry 17, no. 1 (Spring 1980): 62-71.

King, M.P. "Medical Indigence and Uncompensated Health Care Costs." Paper presented at the National Conference of State Legislatures , Denver, CO, July 1989.

Lachs, M.S. , J.L. Sindelar , and R.R. Horwitz. "The Forgiveness of Coinsurance : Charity or Cheating? " New England Journal of Medicine 322, no. 22 (31 May 1990): 1599-1602.

Light, D. "The Practice and Ethics of Risk-Based Health Insurance." Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 18 (May 1992): 2503-2508.

Luft, H.S. , and S.C. Maerki. "Duplicate Health Insurance Coverage: Determinants of Variation across States." Health Care Financing Review 3, no. 4 (June 1982): 45-66.

Luft, H.S. , and R.H. Miller. "Patient Selection in a Competitive Health Care System ." Health Affairs 7, no. 3 (Summer 1988): 97-119.

Monheit, A.C. , and C.L. Schur. "The Dynamics of Health Insurance Loss: A Tale of Two Cohorts ." Inquiry 25, no. 2 (Summer 1988): 315-27.

Moyer, M.E. "A Revised Look at the Number of Uninsured Americans." Health Affairs 8, no. 3 (Summer 1989): 102-10.

Oberg, C.N. , B. Lia-Huagberg , E. Hodkinson , C. Skovholt , and R. Vanman. "Prenatal Care Comparisons among Privately Insured, Uninsured, and Medicaid-Enrolled Women." Public Health Reports 105, no. 5 (September-October 1990): 533-35.

Pedem, E.A. , and M.L. Lee. "Output and Inflation Components of Medical Care and Other Spending Changes." Health Care Financing Review 13, no. 2 (Winter 1991 ): 75-89.

Power, M.L. , A. Ralston , and T.L. Heflin. "ERISA Preemption: Conflict with State Regulation of Employee Benefits." Benefits Quarterly 6, no. 4 (Fourth Quarter 1990): 75-83.

Priester, R. "Universal Basic Benefits Preempt Mandated Benefits." Benefits Quarterly 8, no. 1 (First Quarter 1992): 34-40.

Reis, J. , S. Sherman , J. Macon , and B. Friedman. "Care for the Underinsured: Who Should Pay?" Journal of Nursing Administration 20, no. 3 (1990): 16-20.

Renner, C. , and V. Navarro. "Why is Our Population of Uninsured and Underinsured Persons Growing? The Consequences of the 'Deindustrialization' of America." Annual Review of Public Health 10 ( 1989): 85-94

Rice, T. , and K. Thomas. "Evaluating Medigap Standardization Regulations." Health Affairs 11, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 194-207.

Riley, G. , E. Rabey , and D. Kasper. "Biased Selection and Regression toward the Mean in Three Medicare HMO Demonstrations: A Survival Analysis of Enrollees and Disenrollees ." Medical Care 27, no. 4 (April 1989): 337-51.

Rosenberg, D. , P.G. Bonner , and D.J. Scotti. "HMO Disenrollment Determinants : A Multivariate Revisit ." Journal of Health and Human Resources Administration 11, no. 4 (Spring 1989 ): 389-95.

Rolph, E.S. , P.B. Ginsburg , and S.D. Hosek. "The Regulation of Preferred Provider Arrangements." Health Affairs 6, no. 3 (Fall 1987): 32-45.

Schur, C.L. , and A.K. Taylor. "Choice of Health Insurance and the Two-Worker Household ." Health Affairs 10, no. 1 (Spring 1991): 155-63.

Shapiro, M.F. , R.A. Hayward , H.E. Freeman , S. Sudman , and C.R. Corey. "Out-of-Pocket Payments and Use of Care for Serious and Minor Symptoms: Results of A National Survey." Archives of Internal Medicine 149, no. 7 (July 1989): 1645-48.

Short, P.F. , J.C. Cantor , and A.C. Monheit. "The Dynamics of Medicaid Enrollment." Inquiry 25, no. 4 (Winter 1988): 504-16.

Short, P.F. , and J.P. Vistnes. "Multiple Sources of Medicare Supplementary Insurance." Inquiry 29, no. 1 (Spring 1992): 330-43.

Siu, A.L. , F.A. Sonnenberg , W.G. Manning , G.A. Goldberg , E.S. Bloomfield , J.P. Newhouse , and R.H. Brook. "Inappropriate Use of Hospitals in a Randomized Trial of Health Insurance Plans." New England Journal of Medicine 315, no. 12 (1986): 1259-66.

Sofaer, S. , and B.N. Davidson. "Illness-Episode Approach: Costs and Benefits of Medigap Insurance." Health Care Financing Review 11, no. 4 (Summer 1990): 121-31.

State Health Reports. "States Continue Trend toward Allowing Basic Benefits Laws." The Nation's Health 22, no. 5 (May-June 1992): 11.

Swartz, K. , and P.J. Purcell. "Counting Uninsured Americans." Health Affairs 8, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 193-96

Swartz, K. , and T.D. McBride. "Spells without Health Insurance: Distributions of Durations and Their Link to Point-in-Time Estimates of the Uninsured." Inquiry 27, no. 3 (Fall 1990): 281-88.

Thorpe, K.E. , A. Hendricks , D. Garnick , K. Donelan , and J.P. Newhouse. "Reducing the Number of Uninsured By Subsidizing Employment-based Health Insurance: Results from a Pilot Study." Journal of the American Medical Association 267, no. 7 (19 February 1992): 945-48.

Trevino, F.M. , M.E. Moyer , R.B. Valdez , and C.A. Stroup-Benham . "Health Insurance Coverage and Utilization of Health Services by Mexican Americans, Mainland Puerto Ricans and Cuban Americans ." Journal of the American Medical Association 265, no. 2 (9 January 1991): 233-37.

Tsai, S.P. , S.M. Reedy , E.J. Bernacki , and E.S. Lee. "Effect of Curtailed Insurance Benefits on Use of Mental Health Care: The Tenneco Health Plan." Medical Care 26, no. 4 (April 1988 ): 430-40.

Varner, T. , and J. Christy. "Consumer Information Needs in a Competitive Health Care Environment." Health Care Financing Review Annual Supplement (1986): 99-104.

Wilensky, G.R. "Underinsured and Uninsured Patients. Who Are They, and How Can They Be Covered?" Consultant 29, no. 2 (February 1989): 59-62, 67, 70.

Wilson, C. , and W. Weissert. "Private Long-Term Care Insurance: After Coverage Restrictions Is There Anything Left?" Inquiry 28, no. 4 (Winter 1989): 493-507.

Young, M. "The Dilemma of the Uninsured and the Underinsured." Archives of Dermatology 127, no. 5 (May 1991): 712-13.