Acute and Long-Term Care Linkages: A Literature Review

Alexander, J.A. , C.J. Evashwick , and T. Rundall. "Hospitals and the Provision of Care to the Aged: A Cluster Analysis." Inquiry 21 (Winter 1984): 303-14.

Barker, W.H. Adding Life to Years: Organized Geriatric Services in Great Britain and Implications for the United States. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

Brody, S.J. , and N.A. Persily. Hospitals and the Aged: The New Old Market. Rockville, MD: Aspen Publications, Inc., 1984.

Campion, E.W. , A. Bang , and M.I. May. "Why Acute Care Hospitals Must Undertake Long-Term Care ." New England Journal of Medicine 308, no. 2 (1983): 71-75.

Campion, E.W. , A. Mahoney , and A. Bang. 'Acute Care Hospitals Providing Elderly and Long-Term Care Services: A Survey of the Massachusetts Experience." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 32, no. 10 (1984): 727-33.

Carroll, N.V. , and W.G. Erwin. "Patient Shifting as a Response to Medicare Prospective Payment." Medical Care 25, no. 10 (1987): 1161-67.

Cooney, L.M. , and B.E. Fries. "Validation and Use of Resource Utilization Groups as a Case-Mix Measure for Long-Term Care." Medical Care 23, no. 1 (1985): 123-32.

Coulton, C. , R. E. Drenkle, J.C. -C. Chow, M. Haug, and D.P. Vielhaber . "Dimensions of the Post-Hospital Care Decision-Making: A Factor-Analytic Study." The Gerontologist 28, no. 2 (1988): 218-23.

Davis, J.W. , M.F. Shapiro , and R.L. Kane. "Levels of Care and Complications Among Geriatric Patients Discharged From the Medical Service of a Teaching Hospital." Journal of the American Geriatric Society 32, no. 6 (1984): 427-30.

Eisdorfer, C. , and G. L. Maddox , eds. The Role of Hospitals in Geriatric Care. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1988a.

. " A Distinctive Role for Hospitals in Caring for Older Adults: Issues and Options ." In The Role of Hospitals in Geriatric Care. Edited by C. Eisdorfer and G. L. Maddox. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1988b.

Epstein, A.M. , J.A. Hall , R. Besdine, E. Cumella, M. Feldstein, B. J. McNeil, and J. Rowe. "The Emergence of Geriatric Assessment Units: The New Technology of Geriatrics '." Annals of Internal Medicine 106, no. 2 (February 1987): 299-303.

Evashwick, C.J. , and W.A. Read. "Hospitals and LTC: Options, Alternatives, Implications." Health Care Financial Management 36, no. 6 (June 1984): 60-70.

Finger Lakes Health Systems Agency. "Task Force Report on the Hospital BackUp of Long-Term Care Patients." Rochester, NY, November 1979.

Fries, B.W. , and L.M. Cooney. "Resource Utilization Groups: A Patient Classification System for Long-Term Care." Medical Care 23, no. 1 (1985): 110-22.

Gabow, P.A. , D.M. Hutt , S. Baker , S.R. Craig , J.B. Gordon , and D.C. Lezotte. "Comparison of Hospitalization Between Nursing Home and Community Residents." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 33, no. 8 ( 1985): 524.

Garnick, D.W. , and T. Short. "Utilization of Hospital Inpatient Services by Elderly Americans." Hospital Studies Program. HCUP Research Note 6. DHHS Publication No. (PHS)85-3351. Rockville, MD: National Center for Health Services Research and Health Care Technology Assessment , June 1985.

Goldstein, R.L. , E.W. Campion , A.G. Mulley , and G.E. Thibault. "Nursing Home Patients Admitted to a Medical Intensive Care Unit." Medical Care 22, no. 9 (1984): 854-62.

Goodwin, M.E. "Medicare's Prospective Payment System for Hospitals: The Impact on Nursing Home Quality." Quality Review Bulletin 9 (June 1986): 198-201.

Gordon, D.W. "Post-Hospital Discharge: Patient Care and Utilization of Services and Facilities." Inquiry 10, no. 4 (December 1973): 41-48.

Gordon, W.Z. , R.L. Kane , and R. Rothenberg. "Acute Hospitalization in a Home for the Aged." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 33, no. 8 (1985): 519-23.

Greenlick, M.R. , A.V. Hurtado , and E.W. Saward. "The Objective Measurement of the Post-Hospital Needs of a Known Population." American Journal of Public Health 56, no. 8 (1966): 1193.

Gruenberg, L. , and T. Willemain. "Hospital Discharge Queues in Massachusetts." Medical Care 20, no. 2 (1982): 188-201.

Guterman, S. , and A. Dobson. "Impact of the Medicare Prospective Payment System for Hospitals." Health Care Financing Review 7, no. 3 (Spring 1986): 97-114.

Guterman, S. , P.W. Eggers , G. Riley , T.F. Greene , and S.A. Terrell. "The First Three Years of Medicare Prospective Payment: An Overview." Health Care Financing Review 9, no. 3 (Spring 1988 ): 67-77.

Harron, J. , and J. Schaeffer. "DRGs and the Intensity of Skilled Nursing." Geriatric Nursing 7, no. 1 (1986): 31-33.

Hing, E. "Impact of the Prospective Payment System on Nursing Home Care: Evidence from the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey." Paper from National Center for Health Statistics, presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association, New Orleans , October 1987.

Hochstein, A. "Treating Long-Stay Patients in Acute Hospital Beds: An Economic Diagnosis ." The Gerontologist 25, no. 2 (1985): 161-65.

Hospital Research and Educational Trust. " Emerging Trends in Aging and Long-Term Care Services." Hospital Survey Series. Chicago, IL: Hospital Research and Educational Trust, 1986.

Inui, T.S. , K.M. Stevenson , D. Plorde , and I. Murphy. "Identifying Hospital Patients Who Need Early Discharge Planning for Special Dispositions: A Comparison of Alternative Techniques ." Medical Care 19, no. 9 (1981): 922-29.

Irvine, P.W. , N. VanBuren , and K. Crossley. "Causes for Hospitalization of Nursing Home Residents: The Role of Infection." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 32, no. 2 (1984): 103-107.

Jönsson, B. , and B. Lindgren. "Five Common Fallacies in Estimating the Economic Gains of Early Discharge." Social Science and Medicine 14C (1980): 27-33.

Kane, R.L. "The Hospital and Geriatrics: Can a Medical Center Be Happy at the Periphery?" In The Role of Hospitals in Geriatric Care. Edited by C. Eisdorfer , and G. L. Maddox. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1988.

Kane, R.L. , and R. Matthias. "From Hospital to Nursing Home: The Long-Term Care Connection ." The Gerontologist 24 (December 1984): 604-609.

Kane, R.L. , R.E. Matthias , and S.G. Sampson. "The Risk of Placement in a Nursing Home After Acute Hospitalization ." Medical Care 21, no. 11 (1983): 1055-61.

Kane, W.J. "Geriatric Imperative: The Interface Between Acute Hospital and Long Term Care." Journal of the Medical Society of New Jersey 81, no. 8 (1984): 643-45.

Lamont, C.T. , S. Sampson , R. Matthias , and R. Kane. "The Outcomes of Hospitalization for Acute Illness in the Elderly." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 31, no. 5 (1983): 282-88.

Lane, W.C. , and E.W. Falatico. "Central Assessment and Alternative Care Days: Reorganizing a Long Term Care System." Home Health Care Services Quarterly 5, no. 2 (Summer 1984): 45-60.

Lewis, M.A. , R.L. Kane , S. Cretin , and V. Clark. "The Immediate and Subsequent Outcomes of Nursing Home Care." American Journal of Public Health 75, no. 7 (1985): 758-62.

Lewis, M.A. , S. Cretin , and R.L. Kane. "The Natural History of Nursing Home Patients." The Gerontologist 25, no. 4 (1985): 382-88.

Lewis, M.A. , B. Leake , M. Leal-Sotelo , and V. Clark. "The Initial Effects of the Prospective Payment System on Nursing Home Patients." American Journal of Public Health 97, no. 7 ( 1987): 819-21.

Lyles, Y.M. "Impact of Medicare Diagnosis-Related Groups on Nursing Homes in the Portland, Oregon Metropolitan Area." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 34, no. 8 (August 1986): 573-78.

McGovern, K.J. , and V.B. Newbern. "Long Term Care Facility DRG Impact." Journal of Gerontological Nursing 14, no. 9 (1988): 17-20.

Markson, E.W. , K. Steel , and R. Kane. 'Administratively Necessary Days: More Than an Administrative Problem." The Gerontologist 23, no. 5 (1983): 486-92.

Meiners, M.R. , and R.M. Coffey. "Hospital DRGs and the Need for Long-Term Care Services: An Empirical Analysis." Health Services Research 20, no. 3 (August 1985 ): 359-84.

Mezey, M. "Transforming the American Hospital." In The Role of Hospitals in Geriatric Care. Edited by C. Eisdorfer and G. L. Maddox. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1988.

Morrisey, M.A. , F.A. Sloan , and J. Valvona. "Shifting Medicare Patients Out of the Hospital." Health Affairs 7, no. 5 (Winter 1988): 52-64.

Mott, P.D. , and W.H. Barker. "Hospital and Medical Care Use by Nursing Home Patients: The Effect of Patient Care Plans." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 36, no. 1 (1988): 47-53.

National Center for Health Statistics. "The National Nursing Home Survey: 1977 Summary for the United States." Vital and Health Statistics Series 13, no. 43. DHHS Publication No. (PHS)79-1794. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, July 1979.

Neu, C.R. , and S.C. Harrison. Posthospital Care Before and After the Medicare Prospective Payment System. R-3590-HCFA. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 1988.

New York State Department of Health and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. "New York State Long Term Care Case Mix Reimbursement Project. Executive Summary: Derivation of RUG-II." December, 1984.

Pfeiffer, D. , and P. Christian. "Impact of the Federal Prospective Payment System upon Long-Term Care Related Medicare Patients." Journal of Health and Human Resources 10, no. 2 (Fall 1987): 115-46.

Read, W.A. "Hospital Initiatives in Long Term Care: Emerging Trends." Provider 14, no. 7 (July 1988): 41-42, 49.

Restuccia, J.D. , and D.C. Holloway. "Barriers to Appropriate Utilization of an Acute Facility ." Medical Care 14 (July 1976): 559-73.

Rice, T. , and J. Gabel. "Protecting the Elderly Against High Health Care Costs ." Health Affairs 5, no. 3 (1986): 5-21.

Richardson, H. , and A. Kovner. "Swing Beds: Current Experience and Future Directions." Health Affairs 6, no. 3 (Fall 1987): 61-74.

Rochester Area Hospitals' Corporation. "Survey of Patients Awaiting Long-Term Care Placement. February 18, 1981." Rochester, NY, 1981.

Rubenstein, L. "Geriatric Assessment: An Overview of Its Impacts." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 3, no. 1 (February 1987): 1-15.

Rubenstein, L. , J.G. Ouslander , and D. Wieland. "Dynamics and Clinical Implementations of the Nursing Home-Hospital Interface." Clinics in Geriatric Medicine 4, no. 3 (August 1988): 471-91.

Sager, M.A. , D.V. Easterling , D.A. Kindig , and O.W. Anderson. "Changes in the Location of Death After Passage of Medicare's Prospective Payment System: A National Study." New England Journal of Medicine 320, no. 7 (1989): 433-39.

Sager, M.A. , E.A. Leventhal , and D.V. Easterling . "The Impact of Medicare's Prospective Payment System on Wisconsin Nursing Homes." Journal of the American Medical Association 257, no. 13 (April 3 1987): 1762-66.

Saltz, C.C. "Impact of a Geriatric Consultation Team on Discharge Placement and Repeat Hospitalization." The Gerontologist 28, no. 3 (June 1988 ): 344-51.

Sekscenski, E.S. "Discharges from Nursing Homes: Preliminary Data from the 1985 National Nursing Home Survey." Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics. National Center for Health Statistics, no. 142. DHHS Publication No. (PHS)87-1250. Hyattsville, MD: Public Health Service, 1987.

Shapiro, E. , and N.P. Roos. "The Geriatric Long-Stay Patient: A Canadian Case Study ." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 6, no. 1 (Spring 1981 ): 49-61.

Shaughnessy, P.W. , A.M. Kramer , R.E. Schlenker , and M.B. Polesovsky . "Nursing Home Case-Mix Differences Between Medicare and Non-Medicare and Between Hospital-Based and Freestanding Patients." Inquiry 22 (Summer 1985): 162-77.

Shaughnessy, P.W. , and R.E. Schlenker. "Hospital Swing-Bed Care in the United States." Health Services Research 21, no. 4 (October 1986): 477-98.

Sulvetta, M.B. "Cost and Case-Mix Differences Between Hospital-Based and Free Standing Nursing Homes." Health Care Financing Review 7, no. 3 (Spring 1986 ): 75-84.

Tellis-Nayak, V. , and M. Tellis-Nayak . "An Alternative Level of Care, the Prospective Payment System and the Challenge of Extended Care." Social Science and Medicine 23, no. 7 (1986): 665-71.

Tresch, D.D. , E.H. Duthrie , M. Newton , and B. Bodin. "Coping with Diagnosis Related Groups: The Changing Role of the Nursing Home." Archives of Internal Medicine 148 (June 1988): 1393-96.

Tresch, D.D. , W.M. Simpson , and J.R. Burton. "Relationships of Long-Term and Acute-Care Facilities: The Problem of Patient Transfer and Continuity of Care." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 33, no. 12 (1985): 819-26.

U. S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment. " Medicare's Prospective Payment System. Strategies for Evaluating Cost, Quality and Medical Technology." OTA-H-262. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, October 1985.

U. S. Senate Special Committee on Aging. Nursing Home Care: The Unfinished Agenda. A Staff Report. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, May 21, 1986.

Vladeck, B. "Hospitals, the Elderly and Comprehensive Care." In The Role of Hospitals in Geriatric Care. Edited by C. Eisdorfer , and G. L. Maddox. New York: Springer Publishing Co., Inc., 1988.

Wachtel, T.J. , C. Derby , and J.P. Fulton. "Predicting the Outcome of Hospitalization for Elderly Persons: Home Versus Nursing Home." Southern Medical Journal 77, no. 10 (October 1984): 1283-90.

Warshaw, G. , J.T. Moore , W. Friedman , C.T. Currie , D.C. Kennie , W.J. Kane , and P.A. Mears. "Functional Disability in the Hospitalized Elderly." Journal of the American Medical Association 248, no. 7 (1982): 847-50.

Weissert, W. , and W.J. Scanlon. "Determinants of Nursing Home Discharge Status." Medical Care 23, no. 4 (1985): 333-43.

Wiener, J. M. , ed. Swing Beds: Assessing Health Care in Rural Communities. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institute, 1987.

Wiener, J. , K. Liu , and G. Schieber. "Case-Mix Differences Between Hospital-Based and Free-Standing Skilled Nursing Facilities: A Review of the Evidence." Medical Care 24, no. 12 (1986): 1173-82.

Zimmer, J.G. , G.M. Eggert. A. Treat , and B. Brodows. "Nursing Homes as Acute Care Providers: A Pilot Study of Incentives to Reduce Hospitalizations." Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 36, no. 2 (1988): 124-29.