Review Article : The Job Satisfaction and Retention of Physicians in Organized Settings: a Literature Review

Bass, B.M. (1965). "Attitudes Toward Work." In Organizational Psychology, ed. B. M, Bass. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1965.

Ben-David, J. (1958). "The Professional Role of the Physician in Bureaucratized Medicine: A Study in Role-Conflict," Human Relations 2(3): 255-74, 1958.

Blau, P.M. (1973). "The Hierarchy of Authority in Organizations." In Comparative Organizations: The Results of Empirical Research, ed. W. V. Heydebrand. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973 .

Blau, P.M. , Heydebrand, W.V. and Stauffer, R.E. (1966). "The Structure of Small Bureaucracies," American Sociological Review 31(4): 179-91, 1966.

Breslau, N. , Novack, A.H. and Wolf, C. (1978). "Work Settings and Job Satisfaction: A Study of Primary Care Physicians and Paramedical Personnel," Medical Care 16(10): 850-62, 1978.

Bucher, R. and Stelling, J. (1969). "Characteristics of Professional Organizations ," J. of Health and Social Behavior 10(1): 3-15, 1969.

Carpenter, H.H. (1971). "Formal Organizational Factors and Perceived Job Satisfaction of Classroom Teachers," Administrative Science Quarterly 16(4): 460-66, 1971.

Carr-Saunders, E.M. and Wilson, P.A. (1933). The Professions. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.

Cartwright, A. and Marshall, R. (1965). "General Practice in 1963: Its Conditions, Contents and Satisfactions," Medical Care 3(2): 69-87, 1965.

Corwin, R.G. (1965). "The Professional Employee: A Study of Conflict in Nursing Roles," American J. of Sociology 66(6): 604-14, 1965.

Demlo, L. (1975). "The Relationship of Physician Practice Patterns to Organizational and Personal Characteristics." Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1975.

Donabedian, A. , Axelrod, S.J. and Wyszewianski, L. (1980). Medical Care Chartbook . Ann Arbor, Mich.: AUPHA Press , 1980.

Dornbush, S.M. and Scott, R. (1975). Evaluation and the Exercise of Authority. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 1975 .

Dunnette, M.D. , Campbell, J.P. and Habel, M.D. (1967). "Factors Contributing to Job Satisfaction and Job Dissatisfaction in Six Organizational Groups," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 2(2): 143-74, 1967.

Engel, G.V. (1969). "The Effect of Bureaucracy on the Professional Autonomy of the Physician," J. of Health and Social Behavior 10(1): 30-40, 1969.

Field, M.G. (1957). "To Certify or Not to Certify: The Physicians' Dilemma." In Doctor and Patient in Soviet Russia, by M. G. Field. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1957.

Freidson, E. (1970). Profession of Medicine. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1970.

Freidson, E. and Mann, J.H. (1971). "Organizational Dimensions of Large Scale Group Medical Practice," American J. of Public Health 61(4): 786-95, 1971.

Freidson, E. and Rhea, B. (1963). "Processes of Control in a Company of Equals," Social Problems 11(2): 119-31, 1963.

( 1964). "Physicians in Large Medical Groups: A Preliminary Report ," J. of Chronic Diseases 17:827-36, 1964.

Ginzberg, E. , Brann, E. , Hiestand, D. and Ostow, M. (1981). "The Expanding Physician Supply and Health Policy: The Clouded Outlook," Health and Society: Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 59(4): 508-41, 1981.

Goss, M.E.W. (1961). "Influence and Authority among Physicians in an Outpatient Clinic," American Sociological Review 26(1): 39-50, 1961.

Goss, M.E. , Battistella, R.M. , Colombotos, J. , Freidson, E. and Riedel, D.C. (1977). "Social Organization and Control in Medical Work: A Call for Research," Medical Care Supplement 15(5): 1-10, 1977.

Greenwood, E. (1966). "The Elements of Professionalization." In Professionalization, ed. H. M. Vollmer and D. L. Mills. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.

Hackman, J.R. and Lawler, E.E. (1971). "Employee Reactions to Job Characteristics," J. of Applied Psychology 55(3): 259-86, 1971.

Hall, D.T. and Lawler, E.E. (1970). "Job Characteristics and Pressure and the Organizational Integration of Professionals," Administrative Science Quarterly 15(3): 271-81, 1970.

Hall, R.H. (1968). "Professionalization and Bureaucratization," American Sociological Review 33(1): 92-104, 1968.

( 1973). "Intraorganizational Structural Variation: Application of the Bureaucratic Model." In Readings in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, ed. W. E. Scott , Jr. and L. L. Cummings. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irvin, 1973.

Herman, J.B. , Dunham, R.B. and Hulin, C.L. (1975). "Organizational Structure, Demographic Characteristics, and Employee Responses," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 13(2): 206-32, 1975.

Herman, J.B. and Hulin, C.L. (1972). "Studying Organizational Attitudes from Individual and Organizational Frames of Reference," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 8(1): 84-108, 1972.

Heydebrand, W.V. (1973). "Autonomy, Complexity, and Nonbureaucratic Coordination in Professional Organizations." In Comparative Organizations: The Results of Empirical Research, ed. W. V. Heydebrand. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1973.

Howell, M.A. , Brumback, G.B. , Newman, S.H. and Rizzo, J.B. (1968). "Work Satisfaction and the Retention of Organizationally Employed Physicians," Personnel Psychology 21(1): 63-77, 1968.

Hulin, C.L. (1968). "Effects of Changes in Job-Satisfaction Levels on Employee Turnover," J. of Applied Psychology 52(2): 122-26, 1968.

Kahn, R.L. (1972). "The Meaning of Work: Interpretation and Proposals for Measurement." In The Human Meaning of Social Change, ed. A. Campbell and P. E. Converse. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1972.

Kalleberg, A.L. (1977). "Work Values and Job Rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction," American Sociological Review 42(1): 124-43, 1977.

Katz, D. and Kahn, R.L. (1978). The Social Psychology of Organizations. 2d. ed. New York: John Wiley, 1978.

Katzell, R.A. , Barrett, R.S. and Parker, T.C. (1961). "Job Satisfaction, Job Performance and Situational Characteristics," J. of Applied Psychology 45(2): 64-72, 1961.

Konrad, T.R. (1975). "Organizational Autonomy, Centralization, and Physician Satisfaction in Large Medical Groups." Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1975.

Konrad, T.R. , Johnson, J.S. , Madison, D.L. and Tilson, H.H. (1977). "Physician Staff Recruitment in Large Practice Organizations. Part II: Effects of Environmental and Organizational Characteristics on Recruitment Success," Medical Group Management 24(2): 22-28, 1977.

Lawler, E.E. and Porter, L.W. (1969). "The Effects of Performance on Job Satisfaction ." In Readings in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , ed. W. E. Scott , Jr. and L. L. Cummings. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1969.

Lichtenstein, R. (1984). "Measuring the Job Satisfaction of Physicians in Organized Settings," Medical Care 22(1): 56-68, 1984.

Locke, E.A. (1976). "The Nature and Causes of Job Satisfaction." In Handbook of Industrial and Organixational Psychology, ed. M. D. Dunnette. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1976.

Luft, H.S. (1981). Health Maintenance Organizations: Dimensions of Performance. New York: Wiley-Interscience , 1981.

McElrath, D.C. (1958). "Prepaid Group Medical Practice: A Comparative Analysis." Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1958.

( 1961). "Perspectives and Participation of Physicians in Prepaid Group Practice," American Sociological Review 26(4): 596-607, 1961.

Madison, D.L. , Tilson, H.H. and Konrad, T.R. (1977). "Stability of Physician Staff in Large Practice Organizations: A Study Design." In Physician Recruitment, Retention and Satisfaction in Medical Practice Organizations. Vol. II. Studies and Publications. Chapel Hill : Health Services Research Center, University of North Carolina, 1977.

Mahoney, A. (1973). "Factors Affecting Physicians' Choice of Group or Independent Practice," Inquiry 10(2): 9-18, 1973.

Marsh, R.M. and Mannari, H. (1977). "Organizational Commitment and Turnover: A Prediction Study," Administrative Science Quarterly 22(1): 57-75, 1977.

Mechanic, D. (1972). "General Medical Practice: Some Comparisons between the Work of Primary Care Physicians in the United States and England and Wales ," Medical Care 10(5): 402-20, 1972.

( 1975). "The Organization of Medical Practice and Practice Orientations among Physicians in Prepaid and Nonprepaid Primary Care Settings," Medical Care 13(3): 189-204, 1975.

Meltzer, L. and Salter, J. (1962). "Organizational Structure and the Performance and Job Satisfaction of Physiologists," American Sociological Review 27(3): 351-62, 1962.

Montagne, P.D. (1968). "Professionalization and Bureaucratization in Large Professional Organizations," American J. of Sociology 74(2): 137-45, 1968.

Morrison, J.D. (1974). "Satisfaction and Creative Inclination in a Group of British General Practitioners," Medical Care 12(5): 399-412, 1974.

Nathanson, C.A. and Becker, M.H. (1973). "Job Satisfaction and Job Performance: An Empirical Test of Some Theoretical Propositions," Organizational Behavior and Human Performance 9(2): 267-79, 1973.

Parsons, T. (1951). The Social System. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1951.

Paxton, G.S. , Sbarbaro, J.A. and Nossaman, J.A. (1975). "A Core City Problem: Recruitment and Retention of Salaried Physicians," Medical Care 13(3): 209-18, 1975.

Porter, L.W. and Lawler, E.E. (1969). "Properties of Organization Structure in Relation to Job Attitudes and Job Behavior." In Readings in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, ed. W. E. Scott , Jr. and L. L. Cummings. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1969.

Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1973). "Organizational, Work and Personal Factors in Employee Turnover and Absenteeism," Psychological Bulletin 80:151-76, 1973.

Prybil, L. (1971). "Physician Terminations in Large Multispecialty Groups. Part II: Factors That Influence Physicians to Leave Multispecialty Group Practice," Medical Group Management 18(6): 4-6, 24-25, 1971.

( 1974). "Characteristics, Career Patterns and Opinions of Physicians Who Practice in Large Multispecialty Groups," Medical Group Management 21(5): 22-26, 1974.

Ritzer, G. (1975). "Professionalization, Bureaucratization, and Rationalization: The Views of Max Weber," Social Forces 53(4): 627-34, 1975.

Ross, A. (1969). "A Report on Physician Termination in Group Practice ," Medical Group Management 16:15-21, 1969.

Schwab, D.P. and Cummings, L.L. (1973). "Theories of Performance and Satisfaction: A Review ." In Readings in Organizational Behavior and Human Performance , ed. W. E. Scott , Jr. and L. L. Cummings. Homewood, Ill: Richard D. Irwin, 1973.

Scott, W.R. (1965). "Reactions to Supervision in a Heteronomous Professional Organization," Administrative Science Quarterly 10:65-81, 1965.

(1966 ). "Professionals in Bureaucracies—Areas of Conflict." In Professionalization, ed. H. M. Vollmer and D. L. Mills. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1966.

Smith, H.L. (1955). "Two Lines of Authority Are One Too Many," Modern Hospital 84(3): 59-64, 1955.

Smith, P.C. , Kendall, L.M. and Hulin, C.L. (1969). The Measurement of Satisfaction in Work and Retirement . Chicago: Rand McNally, 1969.

Sorensen, J.E. and Sorensen, T.L. (1974). "The Conflict of Professionals in Bureaucratic Organizations," Administrative Science Quarterly 19(1): 98-106, 1974.

Stamps, P.L. , Piedmont, E.B. , Slavitt, D.B. and Haase, A.M. (1978). "Measurement of Work Satisfaction among Health Professionals," Medical Care 16(4): 337-52, 1978.

Starkweather, D.B. (1970). "Hospital Size, Complexity, and Formalization ," Health Services Research 5(4): 330-41, 1970.

Tilson, H.H. (1973a). "Characteristics of Physicians in OEO Neighborhood Health Centers," Inquiry 10(2): 27-36, 1973.

_ ( 1973b). "Stability of Physician Employment in Neighborhood Health Centers," Medical Care 11(5): 384-400, 1973.

Vayda, E. (1970). "Stability of the Medical Group in a New Prepaid Medical Care Program," Medical Care 8(2): 161-68, 1970.

Weber, M. (1947). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization . Translated by A. M. Henderson and T. Parsons. Glencoe, Ill.: The Free Press, 1947.

Worthy, J.C. (1950). "Organizational Structure and Employee Morale ," American Sociological Review 15(2): 169-79, 1950.

Young, M.S. (1976). "Career Stage, Organizational Context, Community Context and Tenure of Physicians in Multispecialty Medical Group Practices ." Ph.D. diss., University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1976.