German Alliance Insurance Company v. Kansas, 233 U.S. p. 406, 34 S. Ct. P. 617, 58 L. Ed. p. 120.
2.
Kimball, Spencer.Insurance and Public Policy. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1960, p. 36.
3.
Angell, Frank J.Health Insurance. New York: Ronald Press Company, 1963, p. 518.
4.
MacIntyre, Duncan M.Voluntary Health Insurance and Rate Making. Ithaca : Cornell University Press, 1962 , p. 2.
5.
Ibid., p. 25.
6.
California Physicians' Service v. Garrison, 172 p. 2d 4 (1946).
7.
Sasuly, Richard and Roemer, Milton I. "Health Insurance Patterns: A Conceptualization From the California Scene," 7, J. of Health and Human Behavior , Spring 1966, p. 36.
8.
Ibid., p. 43.
9.
Anderson, Odin W. StateEnabling Legislation for Non-Profit Hospital and Medical Plans. Ann Arbor: Bureau of Public Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1944.
10.
Eilers, Robert D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans . Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin , 1963, pp. 8-28.
11.
Somers, Herman M. and Somers, Anne R.Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institute, 1961, pp. 218-227, 249-260, 291-293, 317-322.
12.
Eilers, R.D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans , op. cit., pp. 10-11.
13.
Somers, H.M. and Somers, A.R.Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance , op. cit., p. 294.
14.
Eilers, R.D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans , op. cit., pp. 102-103.
15.
Blue Cross Commission of the American Hospital Association.Public Regulation of Hospital Service Plans Approved by the American Hospital Association. Chicago : The Association, 1960.
16.
17.
Eilers, R.D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans , op. cit., p. 315.
18.
Ibid., pp. 243-248.
19.
California Statutes, 1937, C882, p. 2441.
20.
California Statutes, 1949, C1339, p. 2339.
21.
California Statutes, 1937, C882, p. 2439.
22.
American Hospital Association. Approval Program for Blue Cross Plans. Chicago: The Association, 1964, p. 3.
23.
Paul v. Virginia, 8 Wall. 168 (1869).
24.
New York Life Insurance Company v. Deer Lodge County (Montana), 231 U.S. 495 (1913).
25.
United States v. South-Eastern Underwriters' Association, et al., 64 Sup. Ct. 1162 (1944).
Committee on the Costs of Medical Care. Medical Care for the American People. The Final Report of the Committee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1932, p. 167.
28.
Viseltear, Arthur J. "Compulsory Health Insurance in California, 1915-1918," 24, J. of the History of Medicine, April 1969, pp. 151-182.
29.
Hansen, Horace. "Group Health Plans: A Twenty-Year Review," 42, Minnesota Law Review, March 1958, pp. 527-548.
30.
Willcox, Alanson W. "Hospitals and the Corporate Practice of Medicine ," 45, Cornell Law Quarterly, Spring 1960, pp. 432-487.
31.
American Medical Association, Law Department.A Study Relating to the Corporate Practice of Medicine in the United States. Chicago: The Department, 1956.
32.
Opinions of California Attorney General II, op. no.48-32 (1948).
33.
People v. Pacific Health Corporation, 12 Cal. 2d 156, 82 p. 2d 429 (1938).
34.
Benjamin Franklin Life Assurance Company v. Mitchell, 14 Col. App. 2d 654, 58 P. 2d 984 (1936).
35.
Pacific Employer's Insurance Company v. Carpenter, 10 Col. App. 2d 592, 52 P. 2d 992 (1935).
36.
California Corporation Code, 9201 et. seq., 1947.
37.
Ohio Laws, 1941, No. 60, p. 154, cited in Holman, Edwin J. and Cooley, George W. "Voluntary Health Insurance in the United States ," 35, Iowa Law Review, Winter 1950, p. 199.
38.
Holman, E.J. and Cooley, G.W. "Voluntary Health Insurance in the United States," op. cit., p. 198.
39.
Eilers, R.D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans , op. cit., p. 35.
40.
California Physicians' Service v. Garrison, op. cit.
41.
TheWeek for Hospitals, American Hospital Association, October 11, 1968.
42.
Health Insurance Institute.1967 Source Book of Health Insurance Data. New York: The Institute, 1967, pp. 42-43.
43.
MacIntyre, D.M.Voluntary Health Insurance and Rate Making , op. cit.
44.
Hansen, H. "Group Health Plans: A Twenty-Year Review," op. cit. , p. 536.
45.
California Physicians' Service v. Garrison, op. cit.
46.
Ibid., p. 12.
47.
Hospitals, August 16, 1968, p. 37.
48.
People v. California Mutual Association, 68 Cal. Rptr. 585.
49.
TheWeek for Hospitals, American Hospital Association, May 17, 1968.
50.
Complete Service Bureau v. San Diego County Medical Society , 272 p. 2d 497 (1954).
51.
Group Health Insurance of New Jersey v. Howell, 40 N. J. R. (1963).
52.
Hospitals, February 16, 1968, p. 124.
53.
TheWeek for Hospitals , American Hospital Association, January 31, 1969.
54.
Somers, H.M. and Somers, A.R.Doctors, Patients, and Health Insurance , op. cit., p. 297.
55.
Medical News, March 20, 1967, p. 4.
56.
Ibid.
57.
Smith, Frances R., Insurance Commission of Pennsylvania. Adjudication in the Matter of the Filing of the Associated Hospital Service of Philadelphia , April 15, 1968.
58.
Thacher, Thomas, New York State Insurance Superintendent. In the Matter of Two 1960 Applications for the Associated Hospital Service of New York, August 3, 1960.
59.
Hospitals, April 1, 1959, p. 30.
60.
Nelson, Russell A. "Implications of Blue Cross Hearings for Hospitals ," 33, Hospitals, April 1, 1959, pp. 31-33.
61.
TheWeek for Hospitals, American Hospital Association, June 7, 1968.
62.
Eilers, R.D.Regulation of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans , op. cit., pp. 243-244.
63.
Ibid., pp. 243-251.
64.
TheWeek for Hospitals, American Hospital Association, October 11, 1968.
65.
MacIntyre, D. M. Voluntary Health Insurance and Rate Making, op. cit.
66.
Inland Steel Company v. NLRB, 170 F 2d 247 (7th cir. 1948), cert. denied, 336 U.S. 960 (1949).
67.
Dubinski. "Safeguarding Union Welfare Funds," American Federalist, July 1964, p. 10.
68.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans ," 28, Columbia Law Review, January 1958, pp. 81-84.
69.
Bell, W. "Scandals in Union Welfare Funds," Fortune, April 1954, p. 140.
70.
Look, March 6, 1956, p. 30.
71.
New York State Insurance Department.Private Employee Benefit Plans—A Public Trust: 3, 1956, pp. 229-232.
72.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans," op. cit., pp. 89-90.
73.
New York Times, July 16, 1947, p. 44M; October 31, 1947, p. 17.
74.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans," op. cit., pp. 92-95.
75.
"The Regulation of Employee Benefit Plans: Activate the Law of Trusts," 8, Stanford Law Review , 1965, p. 655.
76.
Internal Revenue Code d1954, 401 (a) (2), (4).
77.
64 Stat. 559 (1950).
78.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans ," op. cit.) pp. 99-100.
79.
"Employee Welfare Plans," 31, Notre Dame Law, 1956, p. 276.
80.
Ziskind. " The Law of Employee Benefit Plans," 22, Washington University Law Quarterly, 1955, pp. 149-150.
Bell, W. "Scandals in Union Welfare Funds," op. cit., p. 142.
83.
Somers, Herman M. "Private Health Insurance: Progress and Problems ." In: Knowles, John (ed.) Hospitals, Doctors, and the Public Interest, Cambridge : Harvard University Press, 1965 , p. 196.
84.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans ," op. cit., pp. 96-97.
85.
61 Stat. 136 (1947), 29 U.S.C. ff. 141 (1952).
86.
New York Banking Law, 60-75 (Supp. 1957); New York Insurance Law, 37-37 p. (Supp. 1957).
87.
California Insurance Code Annotated, 10640-55, West Supp., 1957.
88.
"Protection of Beneficiaries Under Employee Benefit Plans ," op. cit., p. 111.
89.
Welfare and Pension Plan Disclosure Act, 1958, 72 Stat. 997.
90.
Hansen, Horace. Legal Rights of Group Health Plans. Washington, D.C.: Group Health Association of America , 1964, pp. 4-5.
91.
Hansen, Horace. "Laws Affecting Group Health Plans," 35, Iowa Law Review, Winter 1950, pp. 209-236.
92.
People v. Painless Parker Dentists, 85 Colo. 304, 275, Poe 928 (1959).
93.
Barton v. Codington County, 68 S.D. 309, 329, 2 N.W. 2d 337, 347 (1942).
94.
People ex rel. State Board of Medical Examiners v. Pacific Health Corporation 12 Cal. 2d 156, 158, 82 P 2d 429, 430 (1938).
95.
Parker v. Board of Dental Examiners, 216 Cal. 285, 14 P 2d 68 (1932).
96.
Hansen, H. "Laws Affecting Group Health Plans," op. cit., p. 217.
97.
Group Health Association v. Moor, 24 F Supp. 445 (D. D.C. 1938), aff'd sub. nom. Jordan v. Group Health Association, 107 F 2d 239 (D.C. Cir. 1939).
98.
Group Health Association v. Moor, op. cit., p. 446.
99.
People ex rel. State Board of Medical Examiners v. Pacific Health Corporation, op. cit.
100.
"Taxable Status of Fraternal Insurance," 47, Yale Law J., April 1938,p.965.
101.
People ex. rel. State Board of Medical Examiners v. Pacific Health Corporation, op. cit., p. 430.
102.
Group Health Association v. Moor, op. cit.
103.
Complete Service Bureau v. San Diego County Medical Society, op. cit., p. 501.
104.
Harkins, Donald D. "Third Party Medicine—A Modern Gordian Knot," 48, Kentucky Law J., Fall 1959, p. 150.
105.
"The Legal Problems of Group Health," 52, Harvard Law Review, March 1939, p. 813.
106.
MacColl, William A. GroupPractice and Prepayment of Medical Care. Washington, D.C. : Public Affairs Press, 1966 , p. 139.
107.
Complete Service Bureau v. San Diego County Medical Society, op. cit.
108.
Ibid., p. 506.
109.
California Legislature. Senate Bill No. 53, relating to professional corporations, effective November 13, 1968.
110.
Willcox, Alanson W. Hospitals and the CorporatePractice of Medicine. Chicago: American Hospital Association, 1957.
111.
Hansen, H.Legal Rights of Group Health Plans, op. cit., pp. 2-4.
112.
Complete Service Bureau v. San Diego County Medical Society, op. cit., p. 502.
113.
Group Health Insurance of New Jersey v. Howell, op. cit.
114.
Jordan v. Group Health Association, 107 F 2d 239 (D.C. Cir. 1939).
115.
Ibid., p. 247.
116.
Hansen, H. "Group Health Plans: A Twenty-Year Review," op. cit.
117.
Hansen, H. "Laws Affecting Group Health Plans," op. cit.
118.
Hansen, H.Legal Rights of Group Health Plans, op. cit.
119.
Harkins, D. "Third Party Medicine—A Modern Gordian Knot," op. cit.
120.
MacColl, W.A.Group Practice and Prepayment of Medical Care , op. cit., pp. 131-137.
121.
J. of the American Medical Association, January 17, 1969.
122.
Ibid.
123.
MacColl, W. A. Group Practice and Prepayment of Medical Care, op. cit., pp. 140-141.
124.
Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound v. King County Medical Society, 39 Wash. 2d 586, 237 P. 2d 737 (1951).
125.
Willis v. Santa Ana Community Hospital Association, 376 P. 2d 568 ( 1961).
126.
Group Health Insurance of New Jersey v. Howell, op. cit.
127.
53, Yale Law J., December 1943, p. 181.
128.
Hansen, Horace. "Next Steps in Developing Organized Medical Care Programs." In: Proceedings of the Ninth Group Health Institute, Chicago, Group Health Association of America, 1959, pp. 88-99.
129.
Hansen, H. "Group Health Plans: A Twenty-Year Review," op. cit., pp. 457-458.
