Review Article

Winter, Kenton E. and Metzner, Charles A. , Institutional Care for the Long-Term Patient . School of Public Health, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1958. Bureau of Public Health Economics Research Series No. 7, Chapter 5, Section One. Problems in handling hospital service areas in statistical analysis.

Lubin, Jerome W. , Drosness, Daniel L. and Wylie , L.G. , "Highway Network Minimum Path Selection Applied to Health Facility Planning," Public Health Reports, Vol. 80, No. 9, (September 1965), pp. 771-775.

de Vise, Pierre , "Hospital Study Districts for Metropolitan Chicago," Technical Report No. 2, (April 1966), Hospital Planning Council for Metropolitan Chicago.

Garrison, William L. , Marble, Duane F. , Nystuen, John D. and Morrill, Richard L. , Studies of Highway Development and Geographic Change, University of Washington Press, Seattle, 1959.

The largest number of such studies are attributed to a group of sociologists who were active in the late 20's and 30's. These include: Wirth, Lewis, The Ghetto; Shaw, Clifford and McKay, Henry , Juvenile Delinquency and Urban Areas; Sorbaugh, Harvey , The Gold Coast and the Slum; Thrasher , Frederick , The Gang (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1928, 1942, 1944, 1927). An important study was Faris, Robert and Dunham, Warren, Mental Disorders in Urban Areas, (Chicago, 1939) new edition, Hafner Publishing Co., Inc., New York, 1960.

See for instance, Axelrod, Morris , "Urban Structure and Social Participation ," American Sociological Review, Vol. 21, (February 1956); Smith, Ralph V. , Areal Variation in Formal Association Membership in a Large Metropolitan Community, Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Michigan, 1964.

Von Thunen, Johann H. , Der Isolierte Statt in Beziehung Auf Landwirtschaft, Hamburg , 1875.

Christaller, Walter , Central Places in Southern Germany. (Trans. C. W. Baskin). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1966. (Original German edition, 1933).

Lubin, et al., (1965), p. 771.

Ravenstein, E.G. , "The Laws of Migration," J. of Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 48, (1885).

Andersson, T. , Den inre omflyttningen: Norland Malmo, (1897) in Haggett, Peter , Locational Analysis in Human Geography , (1966) St. Martin Press, New York, p. 33.

Haggett, Peter , Locational Analysis in Human Geography, 1966, p. 35.

Difficulties involved in the application of physical theory to human behavior are not our major concern here. They are discussed by: Harvey, Douglas , Models of the Evolution of Spatial Patterns in Human Geography. Chapter 14 in: Chorley, Richard V. and Haggett, Peter (Eds.) Models in Geography , Methuen, 1967.

Reilly, W.J. , The Law of Retail Gravitation, New York, 1931.

Haggett, Peter , Ibid., pp. 36-37.

Lively, C.E. and Beck, P.G. , "The Rural Health Facilities of Ross County, Ohio," Wooster: Ohio AES Bulletin 412, (October 1927), pp. 45-46.

Most of this information is detailed in Publication No. 3: Peebles, Allon , A Survey of Statistical Data on Medical Facilities in the United States. A Compilation of Existing Material. Summary statements are given for hospitals on p. 8 and for physicians and other personnel on p. 20. Additional material is given for hospitals on p. 37 and in Appendix 10 and for physicians in Appendix 2.

The CCMC summary volume, No. 28: Committee on the Costs of Medical Care, Medical Care for the American People, The Committee, Washington, D.C., 1932, contains, in addition to summary statements, a map of Toombs Co., Ga. (Fig. 15, p. 107) giving travel distances and frequencies of use for hospitals in 1930.

Wilson Isabella C. and Metzler, William H. , "Sickness and Medical Care in an Ozark Area in Arkansas," Fayetteville: Arkansas AES Bulletin 353, (April 1938), pp. 37-38.

McCormick, T.C. , "Rural Social Organization in South Central Arkansas," Fayetteville: Arkansas AES Bulletin 313, (December 1934), p. 29.

Faris, Robert E. L. and Dunham, Warren H. , Mental Disorders in Urban Areas, Hafner Publishing Co., 1939, reprinted 1960 .

Hoffer, Charles , et al., "Health Needs and Health Care in Michigan ," Michigan State College, AES, Section of Sociology and Anthropology, Special Bulletin 365, (June 1950).

Kauffman, Harold R. and Morse, Warren W. , "Illness in Rural Missouri," Columbia: Missouri AES Research Bulletin 391, (August 1945).

U.S. Public Health Service , " Areawide Planning for Hospitals and Related Health Facilities," PHS Publication No. 855, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C., (July 1961), p. 12.

Op. cit, p. 12-13.

Hoffer, Charles , Op. cit

Thaden, John F. , "Distribution of Doctors of Medicine and Osteopaths in Michigan Communities," Michigan State College, AES, Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Social Research Service, Special Bulletin 370, (June 1951).

Fein, Rashi , "Studies on Physician Supply and Distribution ," American J. of Public Health, Vol. 44, No. 5, (May 1954), pp. 615-624.

McNamara, Robert L. and Hassinger, Edward , "The Pattern of Medical Services for Incorporated Places of 500-or-More Population in Missouri, 1950," Rural Sociology, Vol. 21, (1956 ), pp. 175-177.

Mather W.G. , "The Use of Health Services in Two Southern Pennsylvania Communities ," Pennsylvania AES Bulletin 504, (July 1948).

Terris, Milton and Monk, Mary A. , "Recent Trends in the Distribution of Physicians in Upstate New York," American J. of Public Health , Vol. 46, (April 1956), pp. 585-91.

Jehlik, Paul J. and McNamara, Robert L. , "The Relation of Distance to the Differential Use of Certain Health Personnel and Facilities and to the Extent of Bed Illness ," Rural Sociology, Vol. 17, (1952), pp. 261-265.

Ciocco, Antonio and Altman, Isidore , "Medical Service Areas and Distances Traveled for Physician Care in Western Pennsylvania," U.S. Public Health Service, Public Health Monograph No. 19, (1954).

Bureau of Economic Research and Statistics , "Survey of Patient-to-Dentist Travel,"- J. of the American Dental Association, Vol. 53, (October 1956) pp. 461-466.

Hospital Planning Association of Allegheny County , Satellite Hospitals and Other Multiple-Unit Facilities and Short-Term Care, (April 1963).

Drosness, Daniel L. , Read, Irene M. , Lubin, Jerome W. , "The Application of Computer Graphics to Patient Origin Study Techniques," Public Health Reports , Vol. 80, No. 1, (January 1965), pp. 33-41.

de Vise, Pierre , Ibid.

Altman, Isidore , "Distances Traveled for Physician Care in Western Pennsylvania," Part II of Public Health Monograph No. 19 (1954), p. 23.

Weiss, James E. , The Effect of Medical Centers on the Distribution of Physicians in the United States. University of Michigan Ph.D. dissertation, 1968.

Turner, W. Wilson , " 'Satellite' Hospitals Bring Health Care to Suburbanites," Modern Hospital, Vol. 99, (November 1962).

Citizens Hospital Committee of Northeast Ohio , Hospitals and Their Use in Northeast Ohio, Cleveland (1961).

Cardwell, R.L. , Reed, M.G. , Shain, M. , "Hospital Utilization in a Metropolitan Area," Hospital Planning Council for Metropoliton Chicago, (1964 ).

Hallen, Philip B. , "Hospitals Branch-Out: A Study of Multiple-Unit Operations, Part I," Hospitals, Vol. 37, No. 15, (August 1, 1963).

Garrison, William L. , et al., Ibid., pp. 243-276.

Platuo, Carl N. and Wegmiller, Donald C. , "Satellite Hospitals to Rise Along Houston's Freeways," Hospitals, Vol. 37, Part I, (August 1, 1963).

, "Fairview Hospital in Minneapolis Prepares to Start Its First Branch in the Suburbs," Modern Hospital, Vol. 99, (November 1962), p. 94.

Turner, W. Wilson , " 'Satellite' Hospitals Bring Health Care to Suburbanites," Modern Hospital, Vol. 99, (November 1962), p. 92.

Hallen, Philip B. , "Hospitals Branch-Out: A Study of Multiple-Unit Operations, Part II," Hospitals, Vol. 37, No. 16, (August 16, 1963).

U.S. Public Health Service , " Areawide Planning for Hospitals and Related Health Facilities," PHS Publication No. 855, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., (July 1961), p. 28.

U.S. Public Health Service , " Procedures for Areawide Health Facility Planning: A Guide for Planning Agencies ," PHS Publication No. 930-B-3, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., (September 1963), p. 14.

Godlund, Sven , "Population, Regional Hospitals, Transport Facilities and Regions: Planning of the Location of Regional Hospitals in Sweden," Royal University of Lund, Sweden, Department of Geography, 1961, Lund Studies in Geography, Series B. Human Geography, No. 21 (1961).

Marrinson, Ralph , "Hospital Service: Time Replaces Space," Hospitals, Vol. 38, (January 16, 1954), pp. 53-54.

State of California, Department of Public Health: Hospitals for California , Berkeley, August 1964, p. 15.

Drosness, Daniel L. and Lubin, Jerome W. , "Planning Can Be Based on Patient Travel," Modern Hospital, (April 1966).

Long, Millard F. and Feldstein, Paul V. , Economics of Hospital Systems: Peak Loads and Regional Coordination. American Economic Review , Vol. LVII, (May 1967), pp. 119-129. This is a good analysis of total costs, including the size, organizational, and travel components, clearly indicating the importance of understanding these variables in planning.

Hallen, Philip B. , "Hospitals Branch-Out: A Study of Multiple-Unit Operations, Part I," Hospitals, Vol. 37, No. 15, (August 1, 1963).

Hospital Planning Association of Allegheny County , "Hospital Relocation," (May 1963 ), 29 pp.

Cherniack, H.D. and Schneider, Jerry B. , "A New Approach to the Delineation of Hospital Service Areas," Discussion Paper Series No. 16, Regional Science Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, August 1967.

Schneider, Jerry B. , "Measuring the Locational Efficiency of the Urban Hospital," Discussion Paper Series No. 11, Regional Science Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, January 1967.