This study develops a coupled train-viaduct dynamic analysis model to investigate the dynamic response of semi-enclosed sound barriers on viaducts in light rail transit. During the iterative process of this model, fluctuating wind produced by the train is introduced and combined with wheel-rail loads to analyze the dynamic response of sound barriers. Based on the above model, in the time domain, there are significant differences in the vibration displacement and acceleration under combined excitation when the train head enters and the tail exits the sound barrier region. In the frequency domain, the vibration acceleration level under combined excitation increases significantly within the 0–5 Hz frequency. The parameter analysis results indicate that the total vibration acceleration level is higher at the measuring points close to the direction of travel. As the train speed increases, the effect of fluctuating wind becomes more significant in the low-frequency range (1–3.15 Hz). The smaller number of train formations also improved the vibration acceleration level difference between the combined and wheel-rail excitation.
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