BroviacJ.W., ScribnerB.H.Prolonged parenteral nutrition in the home. Surg Gynecol Obstet.1974; 139: 24–28.
2.
HickmanR.P., BucknerC.D., CliftR.A.A modified right atrial catheter for access to the venous system in marrow transplant recipients. Surg Gynecol Obstet.1979; 148: 871–875.
3.
MakiD.G.Reactions associated with midline catheters for intravenous access. Ann Intern Med.1995; 123: 884–886.
4.
MakiD.G., BushR., WhitmanE.D.Real-life VAD infection dilemmas: first step towards consensus. NAVAN Annual Conference, September 1994, San Francisco, Calif. Pg 1.
RaadI., CostertonW., SabharwalU.Ultrastructural analysis of indwelling vascular catheters: a quantitative relationship between luminal colonization and duration of placement. J Infect Dis.1993; 168: 400–407.
8.
RuppM.E., ArcherG.L.Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogens associated with medical progress. Clin Infect Dis.1994; 19: 231–243.
9.
CardeP., Cosset-DelaigueM.F., LaplancheA.Classical external indwelling central venous catheters versus totally implanted venous access systems for chemotherapy administration: a randomized trial in 100 patients with solid tumors. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol.1989; 25: 939–944.
10.
GroegerJ.S., LucasA.B., CoitD.A prospective, randomized evaluation of the effect of silver impregnated subcutaneous cuffs for preventing tunneled chronic venous access catheter infections in cancer patients. Ann Surg.1993; 218: 206–210.
11.
GoetzA.M., MuderR.R., WagenerM.M.Risk of infection due to femoral placement of central venous catheters. In: Program and abstracts of the 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology. Abstract J6.
12.
VergheseA., WidrichW.C., ArbeitR.D.Central venous septic thrombophlebitis: the role of medical therapy. Medicine.1985; 64: 394–400.
13.
PizzoP.A.Anticipated treatment is the best guide to catheter choice. Oncol Times.1992; 14: 2.
14.
RaafJ.H.Results from use of 826 vascular access devices in cancer patients. Cancer.1985; 55: 1312–1321.
15.
PressO.W., RamseyP.G., LarsenE.B.Hickman catheter infections in patients with malignancies. Medicine.1984; 63: 189–200.
16.
HerwaldtL.A., GeissM., KaoC.The positive predictive value of isolating coagulase-negative staphylococci from blood cultures. Clin Infect Dis.1996; 22: 14–20.
17.
FroggattJ.W., JohnstonJ.L., GalettoD.W.Antimicrobial resistance in nosocomial isolates of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother.1989; 33: 460–466.
18.
RaadI.I., SabbaghM.F.Optimal duration of therapy for catheter-related Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a study of 55 cases and review. Clin Infect Dis.1992; 14: 75–82.
19.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Draft guidelines for prevention of intravascular device-related infections. Federal Register. September 27, 1995; 60: 49978–50006.
20.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Nosocomial enterococci resistant to vancomycin - United States, 1989–1993. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.1993; 42: 597–599.
21.
BochudP.Y., CalandraT., FrancioliP.Bacteremia due to viridans streptococci in neutropenic patients: a review. Am J Med.1994; 97: 256–264.
22.
BlueS.R., SinghV.R., SaubolleM.A.Bacillus licheniformis bacteremia: five cases associated with indwelling central venous catheters. Clin Infect Dis.1995; 20: 629–633.
23.
AscherD.P., ZbickC., WhiteC.Infections due to Stomatococcus mucilaginosus: 10 cases and review. Rev Infect Dis.1991; 13: 1048–1052.
GoodrichJ.M., ReedE.C., MoriM.Clinical features and analysis of risk factors for invasive candidal infection after marrow transplantation. Clin Infect Dis.1991; 164: 731–740.
26.
NguyenM.H., PeacockJ.E.Jr, TannerD.C.Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia: evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch Intern Med.1995; 155: 2429–2435.
27.
LeccionesJ.A., LeeJ.W., NavarroE.E.Vascular catheter-associated fungemia in patients with cancer: analysis of 155 episodes. Clin Infect Dis.1992; 14: 875–883.
28.
WalshT.J.Evolving patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired deep mycosis: analogies to other infections and implications for practitioners. Infect Dis Clin Pract.1994; 3: S103–S112.
29.
RexJ.H., BennettJ.E., SugarA.M.A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. N Engl J Med.1994; 331: 1325–1330.
30.
SaralR.Candida and aspergillus infections in immunocompromised patients: an overview. Rev Infect Dis.1991; 13: 487–492.
31.
WeyS.B., MoriM., PfallerM.A.Hospital acquired candidemia: the attributable mortality and excess length of stay. Arch Intern Med.1988; 148: 2642–2645.
32.
PfallerM.A.Epidemiology and control of fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis.1994; 19(suppl 1): S8–S13.
33.
FraserV.J., JonesM., DunkelJ.Candidemia in a tertiary care hospital: epidemiology, risk factors, and predictors of mortality. Clin Infect Dis.1992; 15: 414–421.
34.
ArmstrongD.Treatment of opportunistic fungal infections. Clin Infect Dis.1993; 16: 1–7.
35.
WhimbeyE., KiehnT.E., BrannonP.Bacteremia and fungemia in patients with neoplastic disease. Am J Med.1987; 82: 723–730.
36.
SwerdloffJ.N., FillerS.G., EdwardsJ.E.Jr. Severe candidal infections in neutropenic patients. Clin Infect Dis.1993; 17: S457–S467.
37.
LeccionesJ., LeeJ.W., NavarroE.E.Vascular catheter-associated fungemia in patients with cancer: analysis of 155 episodes. Clin Infect Dis.1992; 14: 875–883.
38.
BowE.J., LoewenR., CheangM.S.Invasive fungal disease in adults undergoing remission-induction therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: the pathogenic role of the antileukemic regimen. Clin Infect Dis.1995; 21: 361–369.
39.
VerfaillieC., WeisdorfD., HaakeR.Candida infections in bone marrow transplant recipients. Bone Marrow Transplant.1991; 8: 177–184.
40.
GoodmanJ.L., WinstonD.G., GreenfieldR.A.A controlled trial of fluconazole to prevent fungal infections in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med.1992; 326: 845–851.
41.
WingardJ.R.Importance of Candida species other than C. albicans as pathogens in oncology patients. Clin Infect Dis.1995; 20: 115–125.
42.
AnaissieE.Opportunistic mycoses in the immunocompromised host: experience at a cancer center and review. Clin Infect Dis.1992; 14(suppl 1): S43–S53.
RaadI.I., HohnD.C., GilbreathB.J.Prevention of central venous catheter-related infections by using maximal sterile barrier precautions during insertion. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.1994; 15: 231–238.
45.
CirceoL., McGeeW., BrownR.B.Management of infections in adult intensive care unit patients: Part II. Infect Dis Clin Pract.1995; 3: 254.