A Case Report of Invasive Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identified in a Lymphatic Channel: A Staging Controversy

Pendas S. , Dauway E. , Cox C.E. . Sentinel node biopsy and cytokeratin staining for the accurate staging of 478 breast cancer patients. Am Surg. 1999; 65: 500–506.

Turner R.R. , Ollila D.W. , Krasne D.L. . Histopathologic validation of the sentinel lymph node hypothesis for breast carcinoma. Ann Surg. 1997; 226: 271–278.

Turner R.R. , Giuliano A.E. , Hoon D.S. . Pathologic examination of sentinel lymph node for breast carcinoma. World J Surg. 2001; 25: 798–805.

Sabel M.S. , Zhang P. , Barnwell J.M. . Accuracy of sentinel node biopsy in predicting nodal status in patients with breast carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2001; 77: 243–246.

Jakub J.W. , Diaz N.M. , Ebert M.D. . Completion axillary lymph node dissection minimizes the likelihood of false negatives for patients with invasive breast carcinoma and cytokeratin positive only sentinel lymph nodes. Am J Surg. 2002; 184: 302–306.

Greene F.L. , ed. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: American Joint Committee on Cancer. 6th ed. New York, NY: Springer Verlag; 2002.

Carter B.A. , Jensen R.A. , Simpson J.F. . Benign transport of breast epithelium into axillary lymph nodes after biopsy. Am J Clin Pathol. 2000; 113: 259–265.

Ikomi F. , Hunt J. , Hanna G. . Interstitial fluid, plasma protein, colloid, and leukocyte uptake into initial lymphatics. J Appl Physiol. 1996; 81: 2060–2067.

Cady B. . Selective management of axilla in minimally invasive and early invasive ductal carcinoma. In: Bland K.I. , Copeland E.M. , eds. The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: WB Saunders Co; 1998.

Dessureault S. , Soong S.J. , Ross M.I. . Improved staging of node-negative patients with intermediate to thick melanomas (>1 mm) with the use of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001; 8: 766–770.

Winer E.P. , Morrow M. , Osborne C.K. . Cancer of the breast: malignant tumors of the breast. In: DeVita V.T. , Hellman S. , Rosenburg S.A. , eds. Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology. 6th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2001.