Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

Revised scoring criteria and initial reliability and validity studies of the Bicycle Drawing Test (BDT) are presented. Revisions involve (a) increased number of items and (b) categories of error types (Parts/Complexity, Motor Control, Spatial Relationships, and Mechanical Reasoning). A standardized administration is also presented. Interrater and test-retest reliability of the revised BDT scoring system were satisfactory. Developmental gains in children's appreciation of a bicycle's mechanical functionality support the construct validity of the BDT's Mechanical Reasoning category. Compared to the Bender Visual-Motor Test, the BDT was more sensitive to visual-motor dysfunction in children with brain injury. Suggested applications for the BDT are discussed.

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

American Psychiatric Association . (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

Brantjes, M. , & Bouma, A. (1991). Qualitative analysis of the drawings of Alzheimer patients. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 5, 41-52.

Conners, C. K. (1989). Conners' Rating Scales manual. North Tonawanda, NY: Multi-Health Systems, Inc.

Gordon, M. A. (1983). The Gordon Diagnostic System. DeWitt, NY: Gordon Systems.

Greenberg, G. D. (1990). Manual: The Child Neuropsychological History. Worthington, OH: IDS Publishing.

Grossi, D. , Orsini, A. , & Modafferi, A. (1986). Visuoimaginal constructional dyspraxia: On a case of selective deficit of imagery. Brain and Cognition, 5, 255-267.

Koppitz, E. M. (1975). The Bender Gestalt Test for young children II: Research and application 1963-1975. New York: Grune & Stratton.

Lebrun, Y. , & Hoops, R. (1974). Intelligence and aphasia. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger, B.V.

Lezak, M. (1983). Neuropsychological assessment (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

10.

McFie, J. , & Zangwill, O. L. (1960). Visual-constructive disabilities associated with lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere. Brain, 83, 243-260.

11.

Piaget, J. (1930). The child's conception of physical causality. New York: Harcourt, Brace.

12.

Piaget, J. (1965). How children form mathematical concepts. In R. S. Daniel (Ed.), Contemporary readings in general psychology (pp. 174-178). Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

13.

Pillon, B. (1981). Negligence de l'hemi-espace gauche dans des epreuves visuo-constructives. Neuropsychologia, 19, 317-320.

14.

Reitan, R. M. , & Davison, L. A. (1974). Clinical neuropsychology: Current status and applications. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

15.

Rourke, B. (1989). Nonverbal learning disabilities: The syndrome and the model. New York: The Guilford Press.

16.

Shrout, P.E. , & Fleiss, J.L. (1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420-428.

17.

Taylor, E. M. (1959). Psychological appraisal of children with cerebral deficits. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

18.

U.S. Department of of Education National Center for Education Statistics . (1991). The state of mathematics achievement: NAEP's 1990 assessment of the nation and the trial assessment of the states. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

19.

Wechsler, D. (1974). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised manual. New York: The Psychological Corporation.

Revised Scoring,Reliability,and Validity Investigations of Piaget's Bicycle Drawing Test

Abstract

Get full access to this article

References