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Abstract

Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits identify children at high risk of antisocial behavior. A recent theoretical model proposed that CU traits arise from low sensitivity to threat and affiliation. To assess these dimensions, we developed the parent- and self-reported Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale (STARS) and tested its psychometric properties, factor structure, and construct validity. Samples 1 (N =3 03; age 3–10; United States) and 2 (N = 854 age 5–9; Spain) were children and Sample 3 was 514 young adults (M_age = 19.89; United States). In Sample 1, differential item functioning and item response theory techniques were used to identify the best-performing items from a 64-item pool, resulting in 28 items that functioned equivalently across age and gender. Factor analysis indicated acceptable fit for the theorized two-factor structure with separate threat and affiliation factors in all three samples, which showed predictive validity in relation to CU traits in children and psychopathic traits in young adults.

Keywords

affiliation callous-unemotional item response theory psychopathy threat

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Psychometric Properties,Factor Structure,and Validity of the Sensitivity to Threat and Affiliative Reward Scale in Children and Adults

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