Sage Journals: Discover world-class research

Abstract

The present study assessed the construct validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale (MSS). Specifically, it assessed the associations of the MSS positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy subscales with interview-rated symptoms and impairment in 177 young adults. As hypothesized, the MSS positive schizotypy subscale was associated with interview-rated positive symptoms, and schizotypal and paranoid personality traits. Negative schizotypy was associated with interview-rated negative symptoms, and schizotypal and schizoid traits, and elevated rates of schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorders. Disorganized schizotypy was associated with disorganized symptoms and attentional deficits. All three subscales were associated with impaired functioning. This was the first study to evaluate the validity of the MSS using interview measures. The findings indicate that the schizotypy dimensions are associated with unique patterns of symptoms and impairment, and support the validity of the MSS.

Keywords

schizotypy schizotypal schizophrenia-spectrum schizoid interview

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

Aiken

L. S.

West

S. G.

Pitts

S. C.

(2003). Multiple linear regression. In Schinka

J. A.

Velicer

W. F.

(Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Research methods in psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 483-507). Wiley.

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.). https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/abs/10.1176/appi.books.9780890420249.dsm-iv-tr

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596

Barrantes-Vidal

Gross

G. M.

Sheinbaum

Mitjavila

Ballespí

Kwapil

T. R.

(2013). Positive and negative schizotypy are associated with prodromal and schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms. Schizophrenia Research, 145(1-3), 50-55.

Bebbington

P. E.

McBride

Steel

Kuipers

Radovanovič

Brugha

Jenkins

Meltzer

H. I.

Freeman

(2013). The structure of paranoia in the general population. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(6), 419-427.

Bolinskey

P. K.

Smith

E. A.

Schuder

K. M.

Cooper-Bolinskey

Myers

K. R.

Hudak

D. V.

James

A. V.

Hunter

H. K.

Novi

J. H.

Guidi

J. P.

Gonzalez

McTiernan

E. F.

Arnold

K. M.

Iati

C. A.

Gottesman

I. I.

(2017). Schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders in psychometrically identified schizotypes at two-year follow-up. Psychiatry Research, 252(1), 289-295.

Chapman

L. J.

Chapman

J. P.

Kwapil

T. R.

Eckblad

Zinser

M. C.

(1994). Putatively psychosis-prone subjects 10 years later. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(2), 171-183.

Chapman

L. J.

Chapman

J. P.

Numbers

J. S.

Edell

W. S.

Carpenter

B. N.

Beckfield

(1984). Impulsive nonconformity as a trait contributing to the prediction of psychotic-like and schizotypal symptoms. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 172(11), 681-691.

Chapman

L. J.

Chapman

J. P.

Raulin

M. L.

(1978). Body-image aberration in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(4), 399-407.

10.

Chmielewski

Clark

L. A.

Bagby

R. M.

Watson

(2015). Method matters: Understanding diagnostic reliability in DSM-IV and DSM-5. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 124(3), 764-769.

11.

Christensen

A. P.

Gross

G. M.

Golino

H. F.

Silvia

P. J.

Kwapil

T. R.

(2019). Exploratory graph analysis of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale. Schizophrenia Research, 206(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2018.12.018

12.

Cicero

D. C.

Martin

E. A.

Becker

T. M.

Docherty

A. R.

Kerns

J. G.

(2014). Correspondence between psychometric and clinical high risk for psychosis in an undergraduate population. Psychological Assessment, 26(3), 901-915.

13.

Cohen

(1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159

14.

DeVellis

R. F.

(2012). Scale development: Theory and applications (3rd ed.). Sage.

15.

Diener

Biswas-Diener

(2019). The replication crisis in psychology. In Biswas-Diener

Diener

(Eds.), Noba textbook series: Psychology. DEF. https://nobaproject.com/modules/the-replication-crisis-in-psychology

16.

First

M. B.

Williams

J. B. W.

Karg

R. S.

Spitzer

R. L.

(2015). Structured clinical interview for DSM-5 disorders. American Psychiatric Press.

17.

Gooding

D. C.

Tallent

K. A.

Matts

C. W.

(2005). Clinical status of at-risk individuals 5 years later: Further validation of the psychometric high-risk strategy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 114(1), 170-175.

18.

Grant

Green

M. J.

Mason

O. J.

(2018). Models of schizotypy: The importance of conceptual clarity. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(Suppl. 2), S555-S564. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sby012

19.

Gross

G. M.

Kwapil

T. R.

Raulin

M. L.

Silvia

P. J.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2018). The Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale–Brief: Scale development and psychometric properties. Psychiatry Research, 261(1), 7-13.

20.

Gross

G. M.

Mellin

Silvia

P. J.

Barrantes-Vidal

Kwapil

T. R.

(2014). Comparing the factor structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales and the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 5(4), 397-405.

21.

Gross

G. M.

Silvia

P. J.

Barrantes-Vidal

Kwapil

T. R.

(2015). The dimensional structure of short forms of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales. Schizophrenia Research, 166(1-3), 80-85.

22.

Gur

Andreasen

Asarnow

Gur

Jones

Kendler

Weinberger

(2005). Prevention of schizophrenia. In Evans

D. L.

Foa

E. B.

Gur

R. E.

Hendin

O’Brien

C. P.

Seligman

M. E. P.

Walsh

(Eds.), Treating and preventing adolescent mental health disorders: What we know and what we don’t know. A research agenda for improving the mental health of our youth (pp. 133-156). Oxford University Press.

23.

Horton

L. E.

Barrantes-Vidal

Silvia

P. J.

Kwapil

T. R.

(2014). Worries about being judged versus being harmed: Disentangling the association of social anxiety and paranoia with schizotypy. PLoS ONE, 9(6), Article e96269. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096269

24.

Kemp

K. C.

Gross

G. M.

Barrantes-Vidal

Kwapil

T. R.

(2018). Association of positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy dimensions with affective symptoms and experiences. Psychiatry Research, 270(1), 1143-1149.

25.

Kemp

K. C.

Gross

G. M.

Kwapil

T. R.

(2020). Psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief: Item and scale test-retest reliability and concordance of original and brief forms. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(4), 508-515. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1591425

26.

Kwapil

T. R.

(1996). A longitudinal study of drug and alcohol use by psychosis-prone and impulsive-nonconforming individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 105(1), 114-123.

27.

Kwapil

T. R.

(1998). Social anhedonia as a predictor of the development of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(4), 558-565.

28.

Kwapil

T. R.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2015). Schizotypy: Looking back and moving forward. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 41(Suppl. 2), S366-S373.

29.

Kwapil

T. R.

Barrantes-Vidal

Silvia

P. J.

(2008). The dimensional structure of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales: Factor identification and construct validity. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 34(3), 444-457.

30.

Kwapil

T. R.

Dickerson

L. A.

(2001). Negative symptom manual (Unpublished manual). Department of Psychology, Champaign, IL.

31.

Kwapil

T. R.

Gross

G. M.

Burgin

C. J.

Raulin

M. L.

Silvia

P. J.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2018). Validity of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: Associations with schizotypal traits and normal personality. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 9(5), 458-466.

32.

Kwapil

T. R.

Gross

G. M.

Silvia

P. J.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2013). Prediction of psychopathology and functional impairment by positive and negative schizotypy in the Chapmans’ ten-year longitudinal study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122(3), 807-815.

33.

Kwapil

T. R.

Gross

G. M.

Silvia

P. J.

Raulin

M. L.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2018). Development and psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale: A new measure for assessing positive, negative, and disorganized schizotypy. Schizophrenia Research, 193(1), 209-217.

34.

Lenzenweger

M. F.

(1994). Psychometric high-risk paradigm, perceptual aberrations, and schizotypy: An update. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(1), 121-135.

35.

Lenzenweger

M. F.

(2010). Schizotypy and schizophrenia: The view from experimental psychopathology. Guilford Press.

36.

Mason

Claridge

(2006). The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE): Further description and extended norms. Schizophrenia Research, 82(2-3), 203-211.

37.

Mason

Claridge

Jackson

(1995). New scales for the assessment of schizotypy. Personality and Individual Differences, 18(1), 7-13.

38.

McGlashan

T. H.

Miller

T. J.

Woods

S. W.

Rosen

J. L.

Hoffman

R. E.

Davidson

(2001). Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes. Yale School of Medicine.

39.

Meehl

P. E.

(1990). Toward an integrated theory of schizotaxia, schizotypy, and schizophrenia. Journal of Personality Disorders, 4(1), 1-99.

40.

Oezgen

Grant

(2018). Odd and disorganized: Comparing the factor structure of the three major schizotypy inventories. Psychiatry Research, 267(1), 289-295.

41.

Owen

M. J.

O’Donovan

M. C.

(2017). Schizophrenia and the neurodevelopmental continuum: Evidence from genomics. World Psychiatry, 16(3), 227-235.

42.

Racioppi

Sheinbaum

Gross

G. M.

Ballespí

Kwapil

T. R.

Barrantes-Vidal

(2018). Prediction of prodromal symptoms and schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder traits by positive and negative schizotypy: A 3-year prospective study. PLoS ONE, 13(11), Article e0207150. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207150

43.

Raine

(1991). The SPQ: A scale for the assessment of schizotypal personality based on DSM-III-R criteria. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 17(4), 555-564.

44.

Raine

Reynolds

Lencz

Scerbo

Triphon

Kim

(1994). Cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal and disorganized features of schizotypal personality. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 20(1), 191-201.

45.

Sahakyan

Kwapil

T. R.

(2020). Association of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales-Brief and the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scales-Brief [Manuscript in preparation].

46.

Samuel

D. B.

Hopwood

C. J.

Ansell

E. B.

Morey

L. C.

Sanislow

C. A.

Markowitz

J. C.

Yen

Shea

M. T.

Skodol

A. E.

Grilo

C. M.

(2011). Comparing the temporal stability of self-report and interview assessed personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(3), 670-680.

47.

Samuel

D. B.

Suzuki

Griffin

S. A.

(2016). Clinicians and clients disagree: Five implications for clinical science. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(7), 1001-1010.

48.

Stefanis

N. C.

Smyrnis

Avramopoulos

Evdokimidis

Ntzoufras

Stefanis

C. N.

(2004). Factorial composition of self-rated schizotypal traits among young males undergoing military training. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 30(2), 335-350.

49.

Tandon

Nasrallah

H. A.

Keshavan

M. S.

(2009). Schizophrenia, “just the facts” 4: Clinical features and conceptualization. Schizophrenia Research, 110(1-3), 1-23.

50.

Wicht

Lesaffre

Bürki

Kemp

K. C.

Aub-Akel

Mohr

Kwapil

T. R.

(2020). Development and initial validation of French translations of the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale and the Multidimensional Schizotypy Scale-Brief [Manuscript submitted for publication].

51.

World Health Organization. (1995). International Personality Disorder Examination (IPDE) manual DSM-IV module. Cambridge University Press.

Supplementary Material

Please find the following supplemental material available below.

For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.

For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.

0.00 MB

0.60 MB

Positive,Negative,and Disorganized Schizotypy Predict Differential Patterns of Interview-Rated Schizophrenia-Spectrum Symptoms and Impairment

Abstract

Keywords

Get full access to this article

References

Supplementary Material