Abstract

Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
J.
Hodge
et al ., “COVID-19 Webinar: Navigating Public Health Emergency Legal Responses Underlying Re-opening State/Local Economies,” The Network for Public Health Law , May 28 , 2020 , available at <https://www.networkforphl.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/5-28-20-Webinar-Slide-Deck.pdf> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
2.Worldometer , U.S. COVID-19 Data , available at <https:/www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/us/> (last visited August 24, 2020 ).
3.
E.
Rosenberg
and
H.
Long
, “Nearly 2 Million People Applied for Unemployment Last Week, Even as Economy Shows Signs of Reopening,” Washington Post , June 4 , 2020 , available at <https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/06/04/unemployment-claims-coronavirus/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
4.
W.
Barr
, Memorandum from U.S. Attorney General Advising DOJ to Take Action Against States’ Unlawful Reopening Policies , April 27 , 2020 , available at <https://www.justice.gov/opa/page/file/1271456/download> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
5.
V.
Stracqualursi
et al ., “Michigan Governor to Trump: ‘You Said You Stand with Michigan — Prove It,’” CNN , March 26 , 2020 , available at <https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/26/politics/michigan-governor-trump-major-disaster-declaration/index.html> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
6.Fox 2 Detroit , “Trump Slams Gov. Gretchen ‘Half Whitmer’ in New Tweet Over Medical Supplies,” March 27 , 2020 , available at <https://www.fox-2detroit.com/news/trump-slams-gov-gretchen-half-whitmer-in-new-tweet-over-medical-supplies> (last visited August 28, 2020 ).
7.
K.
Liptak
, “Trump Tweets Support for Michigan Protesters, Some of Whom Were Armed, as 2020 Stress Mounts,” CNN , May 1 , 2020 , available at <https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/01/politics/donald-trump-michigan-gretchen-whitmer-protests/index.html> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
8.
V.
Stracqualursi
and
P.
LeBlanc
, “Michigan Attorney General Warns Ford Over Letting Trump Go Maskless,” CNN , May 21 , 2020 , available at <https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/21/politics/michigan-attorney-general-trump-ford-plant-cnntv/index.html> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
9.
Statement of Interest on Behalf of the United States, Signature Sotheby’s International Realty v. Whitmer , Civil No. 1:20-cv-00360-PLM-PJG (W.D. Mich. May 29, 2020).
10.
M.
Sherman
, “States Largely Have Authority Over When to Shut Down, Reopen,” Federal News Network , April 14 , 2020 , available at <https://federalnewsnetwork.com/government-news/2020/04/states-largely-have-authority-over-when-to-shutdown-reopen-2/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
11.
K.
McCarty
et al ., “Major Components and Themes of Local Public Health Laws in Select U.S. Jurisdictions,” Public Health Reports , May-June 2009 , available at <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2663884/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
12.
A.
Steele
et al ., “Gov. Tom Wolf Warns He Will Withhold Funds From Pa. Counties That Violate Coronavirus Stay-At-Home Order,” The Philadelphia Inquirer , May 11 , 2020 , available at <https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/covid-19-pennsylvania-coronavirus-reopen-wolf-order-shutdown-20200511.html> (last visited August 28, 2020 ).
13.
H.R. 748, 116th Cong. (2020).
14.Governor Tom Wolf , “Gov. Wolf May 11 Remarks on Staying the Course, Following the Law,” May 11 , 2020 , available at <https://www.governor.pa.gov/newsroom/gov-wolf-may-11-remarks-on-staying-the-course-following-thelaw/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
15.
S.
Foster
, “As COVID-19 Proliferates Mayors Take Response Lead, Sometimes in Conflict with Their Governors,” Georgetown Law SALPAL , available at <https://www.law.georgetown.edu/salpal/as-covid-19-proliferates-mayors-take-response-lead-sometimes-in-conflicts-with-their-governors/> (last visited August 28, 2020 ).
16.
L.
Teitz
, “CT Casinos to Reopen June 1 Despite Dire State Concerns,” CT Post , May 20 , 2020 , available at <https://www.ctpost.com/news/coronavirus/article/CT-casinos-to-reopen-June-1-despite-dire-state-15284275.php> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
17.
S.
Singer
, “Lamont Administration Demands Details From Mohegan Sun, Foxwoods on Planned June 1 Reopening,” Hartford Courant , May 22 , 2020 , available at <https://www.courant.com/coronavirus/hc-news-coronavirus-casinos-20200522-p3yhca7rwbcm5dfybi4ggk5ezq-story.html> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
18.
F.
Graziano
, “‘Gambling with COVID-19’: Connecticut Casinos Show Glimpse of New Normal Upon Re-opening,” The CT Mirror , June 1 , 2020 , available at <https://ctmirror.org/2020/06/01/gambling-with-covid-connecticut-casinos-show-glimpse-of-new-normal-upon-re-opening/> (last visited August 28, 2020 ).
19.
A.
Pura
, “San Diego Health Officials Critical of Casinos’ Plan to Reopen Next Week,” ABC 10 News San Diego , May 14 , 2020 , available at < https://www.10news.com/news/coronavirus/san-diego-county-health-officials-critical-of-casinos-reopening-next-week> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
20.
D.
Nessel
, Letter from Michigan Attorney General to Tribal Leaders Regarding Reopening Plans , May 5 , 2020 , available at <https://www.bridgemi.com/sites/default/files/letter-to-hannahville.pdf> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
21.
L.
Denning
, “Elon Musk and Tesla Bulls Are So Over This COVID-19 Pandemic,” Financial Post , April 29 , 2020 , available at <https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/elon-musk-and-tesla-bulls-are-so-over-this-covid-19-panic> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
22.
H.
Long
, “Small Businesses Used to Define America’s Economy. The Pandemic Could Change That Forever,” Washington Post , May 12 , 2020 , available at <https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/05/12/small-business-used-define-americas-economy-pandemic-could-end-that-forever/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
23.
M.
Mullins
et al ., “Unprecedented: COVID-19 Litigation Trends, Issue 7,” JD Supra , May 22 , 2020 , available at <https://www.jdsupra.com/legal-news/unprecedented-covid-19-litigation-38329/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
24.
A.
Norcia
, “Reckless Business Owners Are Citing a Constitutional ‘Freedom to Work,’” VICE , May 13 , 2020 , available at <https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/qj44zv/reckless-business-owners-are-citing-a-constitutional-freedom-to-work> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
25.
R.
De George
, “The Right to Work: Law and Ideology,” Valparaiso University Law Review , 19 no. 1 (1984 ): 15 -35 .
26.
W.
McCormack
, “Economic Substantive Due Process and the Right of Livelihood,” Kentucky Law Journal , 82 no. 2 (1993 ): 397 -463 .
27.
J.
Ingold
, “As Colorado Businesses Reopen, Coronavirus-Related Workers’ Compensation Claims Are Piling Up,” The Colorado Sun , May 27 , 2020 , available at <https://coloradosun.com/2020/05/27/colorado-coronavirus-workers-compensation-liability/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
28.
J.
Cunningham
, “COVID-19: Workers’ Compensation,” National Conference of State Legislatures , May 13 , 2020 , available at <https://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/covid-19-workers-compensation.aspx> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
29.
Memorandum in Support of Motion to Dismiss, Massey v. McDonald’s Corp ., No. 2020 CH 04247, May 28, 2020.
30.
S.B. 3007, 63rd Leg., 3d Spec. Sess. (Utah 2020).
31.
C.
Grisales
, “Mitch McConnell Insists on Liability Protections for Businesses During the Pandemic,” National Public Radio, April 29, 2020, available at <https://www.npr.org/2020/04/29/847983004/mitch-mcconnell-insists-on-liability-protections-for-businesses-during-thepande> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
32.
R.
Mahbubani
, “‘The Governor is a Servant of the State. I am a Servant of God’: 3 Pastors Defend Why They’re Leading the Charge to Reopen Churches,” Business Insider , May 24 , 2020 , available at <https://www.businessinsider.com/pastors-leading-charge-reopen-churches-coronavirusfirst-amendment-2020-5> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
33.
V.
Killion
, “Freedom of Association in the Wake of Coronavirus,” Congressional Research Service , April 16 , 2020 , available at <https://crsre-ports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10451> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
34.
R.
Collins
, “First Amendment News 251: Public Health and the First Amendment in the Age of COVID-19,” The FIRE , April 22 , 2020 , available at <https://www.thefire.org/first-amendment-news-251-public-health-andthe-first-amendment-in-the-age-of-covid-19/> (last visited August 17, 2020 ).
35.
E.
Dreiband
et al ., Letter From DOJ to California Governor Newsom Regarding Reopening of Religious Institutions , May 19 , 2020 , available at <https://www.thefire.org/first-amendment-news-251-public-health-and-the-first-amendment-in-the-age-of-covid-19/> (last visited August 28, 2020 ).
36.South Bay United Pentecostal Church v. Newsom , No. 19A1044 (U.S. May 29, 2020).
