L. O.Gostin and B. MasonMeier, “Introducing Global Health Law,”Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics47, no. 4 (2019): 788-793. See also Lawrence O.Gostin, Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014).
2.
D. P.Fidler, “Germs, Governance, and Global Public Health in the Wake of SARS,”Journal of Clinical Investigation113, no. 6 (2004): 799–804.
3.
L. O.Gostin and A. S.Ayala, “Global Health Security in an Era of Explosive Pandemic Potential,”Journal of National Security Law & Policy9, no. 1 (2017): 53-80.
4.
International Health Regulations (IHR) (Geneva: World Health Organization, 2005), art. 1 [hereinafter IHR].
5.
IHR, Annex 2.
6.
IHR, art. 12; D. P.Fidler and L. O.Gostin, “The New International Health Regulations: An Historic Development for International Law and Public Health,”Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics34, no. 1 (2006): 85–94.
7.
IHR, art. 4.
8.
IHR, art. 3(1). See also S.Negri, Communicable Disease Control, in Research Handbook on Global Health Law (2018): 265–302.
9.
IHR, art. 43. See alsoB.M.Meier, D.P.Evans, and A.Phelan, “Rights-Based Approaches to Preventing, Detecting, and Responding to Infectious Disease,” in Infectious Diseases in the New Millennium: Legal and Ethical Challenges (2020): 217-253.
10.
IHR, art. 44; See also L. O.Gostin and R.Katz, “The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security,”Milbank Quarterly94, no. 2 (2016): 264–313.
11.
World Health Organization, IHR (2005) Monitoring and Evaluation framework: Joint External Evaluation Tool (WHO2018).
12.
B. M.Meier, K.Tureski, E.Bockh, D.Carr, A.Ayala, A.Roberts, L.Cloud, N.Wilhelm, and S.Burris, “Examining National Public Health Law to Realize the Global Health Security Agenda,”Medical Law Review25, no. 2 (2017): 240-269.
13.
C.Huanget al., “Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China,”The Lancet395, no. 10223 (2020): 497–506.
L. O.Gostin and R.Katz, “The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security,”Mil-bank Quarterly94 (2016): 264–313.
The UN Security Council declared for the first time that a public health issue was a threat to international peace and security in Resolution 2177, referring to the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It is expected to issue a similar resolution on the COVID-19 pandemic in early April 2020.
35.
L. O.Gostin and R.Katz, “The International Health Regulations: The Governing Framework for Global Health Security,”in Global Management of Infectious Disease After Ebola (2016): 101–132.
36.
M.Eccleston-Turner and A.Kamradt-Scott, “Transparency in IHR Emergency Committee Decision Making: The Case for Reform,”BMJ Global Health4 (2019): e001618.
37.
M. S.Green, “Did the Hesitancy in Declaring COVID-19 a Pandemic Reflect a Need to Redefine the Term?”Lancet (2020): 1034-1035.
38.
WHO, Implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005): Report of the Review Committee on Second Extensions for Establishing National Public Health Capacities and on IHR Implementation: Report by the director-general, para. 17 (Mar. 27, 2015), available at <http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA68/A68_22Add1-en.pdf> (last visited May 15, 2020); S.Moonet al., “Will Ebola Change the Game? Ten Essential Reforms Before the Next Pandemic. The Report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola,”The Lancet386 (2015): 2204–2221.
39.
D. P.Fidler, International Law and Infectious Disease (1999).