Immunization Laws and Policies Among U.S. Institutes of Higher Education

M. Marcus , “Mumps cases at a 10-year high, colleges hard hit,” CBS News, December 12, 2016, available at <http://www.cbsnews.com/news/mumps-cases-10-year-high-college-outbreaks-vaccination/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

S. Scutini , “CDC Recommends Booster Shot of MMR Vaccine During Mumps A solution to weak and inconsistent vaccine laws and policies among higher education institutions is to ramp up such requirements uniformly across the country. It is not that easy, however. Proposed vaccination requirements for higher education settings must balance individual rights with public health and safety interests. Pervasive ethical issues include student and faculty autonomy, respect for religious or personal exemptions, health information privacy, and enforcement of vaccine requirements. Outbreaks,” CNN, October 25, 2017, available at <https://www.cnn.com/2017/10/25/health/cdc-mumps-outbreak-syracuse-university/index.html> (last visited March 12, 2019).

R. Smith , “Mumps Cases Balloon in 2016, Raising Debate about Need for Booster Vaccines,” PBS, December 26, 2016, available at <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/mumps-cases-spike-2016-raising-questions-need-booster-vaccines/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

M. Marin et al ., “Recommendation of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for Use of a Third Dose of Mumps Virus–Containing Vaccine in Persons at Increased Risk for Mumps During an Outbreak,” January 12, 2018, available at <https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/wr/mm6701a7.htm> (last visited March 12, 2019).

A. Jechow , “UT Student Diagnosed with Mumps, Vaccine Encouraged,” KXAN, January 27, 2016, available at <http://kxan.com/2016/01/27/ut-student-diagnosed-with-mumps-campus-notified/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

P. Sisson , “Five Mumps Cases at USD,” San Diego Union Tribune, March 14, 2016, available at <http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/sdut-usd-mumps-outbreak-five-2016mar14-story.html> (last visited March 12, 2019).

N. Mascarenhas , “What You Need to Know about the Mumps Outbreak on College Campuses,” USA Today, December 13, 2016, available at <http://college.usatoday.com/2016/12/13/what-you-need-to-know-about-themumps-outbreak-on-college-campuses/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

C. Perkes , “Chapman University Mumps Cases Increase to 12,” Orange County Register, April 12, 2017, available at <https://www.ocregister.com/2017/04/12/chapman-university-mumps-cases-increase-to-12/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

C. Perkes , “Chapman Students Get Vaccinated to Quell Mumps Outbreak on Campus,” Orange County Register, April 5, 2017, available at <http://www.ocregister.com/2017/04/05/chapman-students-get-vaccinated-to-quell-mumps-outbreak-on-campus/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

B. Young , “Mumps Outbreak Spreads to UW Greek System,” Seattle Times, March 23, 2017, available at <http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/health/mumps-outbreak-spreads-touw-greek-system/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

National Foundation for Infectious Diseases, Meningococcal Serogroup B Cases and Outbreaks on US College Campuses, available at <http://www.adolescentvaccination.org/vpd/meningitis/meningococcal-b-college-outbreaks.html> (last visited March 12, 2019).

National Meningitis Association, Sero-group B Meningococcal Disease Outbreaks on U.S. College Campuses, available at <https://www.nmaus.org/disease-prevention-information/sero-group-b-meningococcal-disease/outbreaks> (last visited March 12, 2019).

J. Ngyen , “UNM Students May be Required to get Meningitis Vaccination,” KRQE, October 28, 2016, available at <http://krqe.com/2016/10/28/unm-students-may-be-required-to-getmeningitis-vaccination/> (last visited March 12, 2019).

ASU Health Services, Health Updates, available at <https://eoss.asu.edu/health/resources/healthupdates> (last visited March 12, 2019).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Meningococcal Outbreaks, March 28, 2017, available at <https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/outbreaks/index.html> (last visited March 12, 2019).

American College Health Association, Immunization Recommendations for College Students, October 2018, available at <https://www.acha.org/documents/resources/guidelines/ACHA_Immunization_Recommendations_Oct2018.pdf> (last visited March 12, 2019).

National Vaccine Information Center, State Law & Vaccine Requirements, available at <https://www.nvic.org/Vaccine-Laws/state-vaccine-requirements.aspx> (last visited March 13, 2019).

North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Colleges and Universities, February 27, 2018, available at <https://www.immunize.nc.gov/schools/collegesuniversities.htm#dtap> (last visited March 12, 2019).

Letter from Pejman Talebian, M.A., M.P.H., Director Immunization Program to College Health Service Directors (Sept. 2017).

A.C.A. § 6-18-702.

Arkansas State Board of Health, Rules and Regulations Pertaining to Immunization Requirements, September 1, 2014, available at <https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/images/uploads/rules/ImmunizationRequirements.pdf> (last visited March 12, 2019).

C.R.S. 23-5-128.

McKinley Health Center, Immunization Information, available at <https://mckinley.illinois.edu/new-students/immunization-information> (last visited March 12, 2019).

Virginia Code § 23.1-800 (2018).

Prince v. Massachusetts, 321 U.S. 158, 166 (1944).