The Affordable Care Act at Six: Reaching for a New Normal

D. Altman , “The Fundamentally Different Goals of the Affordable Care Act and Republican ‘Replacement’ Plans,” Wall Street Journal (blog), June 7, 2016, available at <http://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2016/06/07/the-fundamentally-different-goals-of-the-affordable-care-act-and-republican-replacement-plans/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

Public Law 111-148 (111th Cong., 2d sess.) amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, Pub. L. 111-152. Together the two laws are commonly referred to as the Affordable Care Act.

R. A. Cohen , M. E. Martinez , and E. P. Zammitti , Health Insurance Coverage: Early Release of Estimates From the National Health Interview Survey, 2015, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, at Figure 2, available at <http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201605.pdf> (last visited September 22, 2016). Increasingly this is less the case for children. In 2015, over 42% of children under 18 depended on public insurance, up from 20% in 1997. Id., at Figure 2.

See <https://www.healthcare.gov/glossary/premium-tax-credit/ for a simple explanation of premium tax credits>.

Obamacare Facts, “Federal Poverty Level Guidelines,” available at <http://obamacarefacts.com/federal-poverty-level/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

PPACA § 2101.

PPACA § 1311.

PPACA § 2707.

PPACA §1251.

PPACA §1001.

PPACA § 1001.

PPACA § 1001.

PPACA § 1311.

42 U.S.C. 1315.

42 U.S.C. § 1315a.

42 U.S.C. 1395jjj.

Pub. L. 111-5, 123 Stat. 115, codified in relevant part at 42 U.S.C. §§ 17937 and 17954.

PPACA § 6301 et seq.

PPACA §10503(b).

PPACA §§4001 and 4002.

PPACA § 9007.

See supra note 2.

J. Holahan and V. Chen , Changes in Health Insurance Coverage in the Great Recession, 2007-2010, Issue Paper, Kaiser Family Foundation, December 2011, available at <https://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8264.pdf> (last visited September 22, 2016).

M. Long , R. Matthew , G. Claxton , and A. Damico , Trends in Employer-Sponsored Insurance Offer and Coverage Rates, 1999-2014,Issue brief, March 21, 2016, available at <http://kff.org/private-insurance/issue-brief/trends-in-employer-sponsored-insurance-offer-and-coverage-rates-1999-2014/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Medicaid & CHIP: March 2016 Monthly Applications, Eligibility Determinations and Enrollment Report, May 25, 2016, available at <https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid-chip-program-information/program-information/downloads/march-2016-enrollment-report.pdf> (last visited September 22, 2016).

A., Larissa, R. Garfield , R. Rudowitz , and S. Artiga , “The Effects of Medicaid Expansion under the ACA: Findings from a Literature Review Kaiser Family Foundation,” 2016, available at <http://kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/the-effects-of-medicaid-expansion-under-the-aca-findings-from-a-literature-review/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

S. R. Collins , G. Munira , M. M. Doty , and S. Beutel , Americans' Experiences with ACA Marketplace and Medicaid Coverage: Access to Care and Satisfaction, Issue brief, Vol. 14. Pub. 1879, Commonwealth Fund, available at <http://www.common-wealthfund.org/~/media/files/publications/issue-brief/2016/may/1879_collins_americans_experience_aca_marketplace_feb_april_2016_tb.pdf> (last visited September 22, 2016).

The Council for Affordable Health Coverage, “Exchange Enrollment: An Opportunity for Reform,” June 7, 2016, available at <http://cahc.net/exchange-enrollment-an-opportunity-for-reform/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

Nat'l Fed'n of Indep. Bus. v. Sebelius, 132 S. Ct. 2566 (2012).

R. Garfield and A. Damico , The Coverage Gap: Uninsured Poor Adults in States that Do Not Expand Medicaid — An Update, Kaiser Family Foundation, available at <http://kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/the-coverage-gap-uninsured-poor-adults-in-states-that-do-not-expand-medicaid-an-update/> (last visited September 22, 2016).

L. Blumberg , J. Holahan , and E. Wengle , Increases in 2016 Marketplace Nongroup Premiums: There Is No Meaningful National Average, Publication, May 2016, available at <https://www.rwjf.org/content/dam/farm/reports/issue_briefs/2016/rwjf429398> (last visited September 22, 2016).

See Administrative Complaint filed with the HHS Office for Civil Rights by the AIDS Institute and the National Health Law Program, available at <http://www.healthlaw.org/component/jsfsubmit/showAttachment?tmpl=raw&id=00Pd000000B9TMYEA3> (last visited September 22, 2016).

D. Frankford and S. Rosenbaum , Taming Healthcare Spending: Could State Rate Setting Work? Robert Wood Johnson Foundation(forthcoming 2016).