The success of individuals to perform and produce at high qualitative levels is a major concern of society. Strategies and workshops for enhancement of character and competence abound. The source of character and competence fundamentally rests upon the cognitive and emotional strengths resultant of the family of origin dynamics. Significant individual variation of societal competencies is traceable to the early years parent-child ongoing patterns of interaction. To provide effective early years socialization concurrently builds the keystone for capacity for prosocial leadership, the highest level of performance.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Amato, P.R. (1986). Family resources and child competence. Journal of Marriage and Family, 48, 47-56.
2.
Ainsworth, M.K. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erhlbaum.
3.
Anderson, J. (1983). A spreading activation theory of memory. Journal of Verbal Learning andBehavior, 22, 261-95.
Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
6.
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs. 1 (Part 2), 1-103.
7.
Baumrind, D. (1973). The development of instrumental competence through socialization. In A.D. Pick(Ed.), Minnesota Symposium of Child Psychology, Volume 7. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
8.
Baumrind, D. (1989). Rearing competent children. In W. Damon (Ed.), Child development today and tomorrow (pp. 349-378). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
9.
Baumrind, D. (1991). Parenting styles and adolescent development. In J. Brooks-Gunn, R. Lerner, & A.C. Petersen (Eds.), The encyclopedia of adolescence. NY: Garland.
10.
Bennis, W. & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. NY : Harper & Row.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment. Volume 1. NY: Basic Books.
13.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
14.
Buri, J.R. (1989). An instrument for the measurement of parental authority prototypes. Paper presented at the 61st Annual Meeting of the Midwestem Psychological Association, Chicago.
15.
Bums, J.M. (1978). Leadership. NY: Harper & Row.
16.
Campbell, D. (1991). The challenge of assessing leadership characteristics . Issues & Observations, 11(2), 1-8. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
17.
Campbell, D. (1985). Take the road to creativity and get off your deadend . Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
18.
Campbell, D. (1984). If I'm in charge here. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
19.
Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
20.
Corey, G. (1982). Theorv and practice of counseling and psychotherapy . Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole .
21.
Costa, P.T., Jr., & McCrae, R. (1980). Still stable after all these years: Personality as a key to some issues in adulthood and old age . In P. Baltes & O. Brim (Eds.), Life-span development and behavior (pp. 66-103). NY: Academic Press .
22.
Costa, P.T., Jr., & McCrae, R. (1989). Personality continuity and the changes of adult life. In M. Storandt & G. VandenBos (Eds.), The adult years: Continuity and change (pp. 45-77). Washington, DC : American Psychological Association.
23.
Covey, S.R. (1989). The seven habits of highly effective people. NY : Simon & Schuster.
24.
Denham, S.A., Renwick, S.M., & Holt, R.W. (1991). Working and playing together: Prediction of preschool social-emotional competence from mother-child interaction. Child Development, 62, 242-249.
25.
Dornbusch, S.M., Ritter, P.L.Leiderman, P.H., Roberts, D.F., & Fraleigh, M.J. (1987). The relation of parenting style to adolescent school
26.
performance. Child Development, 58, 1244-1257.
27.
Erikson, E.H. (1968). Identity: Youth and crisis. NY: Norton.
28.
Feidler, F.E. (1967). A theory of leadership effectiveness. NY: McGraw-Hill.
29.
Freud, S. (1917). Standard edition of complete psychological works of Sigmund Freud. XVII. London , England: Hogarth Press. Gleitman, H. (1981). Psvchology. NY: Norton.
30.
Goldin, P.C. (1969). A review of children's reports of parent behaviors . Psychological Bulletin,71, 222-236.
31.
Gonzalez-Mena, J. (1993). The child in the family and the community. New York: Macmillan.
32.
Grotevant, H.D., & Carlson, C.I. (1989). Family assessments: A guide to methods & measures. NY: The Guilford Press.
33.
Gurman, E.B., & Long, K. (1992). Gender orientation and emergent leader behavior . Sex Roles, 27(7/8), 391-400.
34.
Hartman, S.J., & Harris, O.J. (1991). The role of parental influence in leadership. Journal of Social Psychology, 132 (2), 153-167.
35.
Hersey, P., & Blanchard, K. (1977). Management of organizational behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
36.
Hinde, R.A., & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (Eds.). (1988). Relationships within families. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
37.
Hogan, R., Curphy, G.J., & Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality. American Psychologist, 49 (6), 493-504.
38.
Homans, G. (1961). Social behaviors: Its' elementary forms. NY: Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovich.
Kanter, R.M. (1977). Men and women of the corporation. NY: Basic Books.
41.
Kaplan, R.E. (1990). The expansive executive: Understanding the good and bad of managerial performance. Issues & Observations , 10(4), 1-6. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
42.
Keirsey, D., & Bates, M. (1978). Please understand me. Del Mar, CA: Bantam.
43.
Kofodimos, J.R. (1991). Teamwork at the top: The need for self-development . Issues & Observations, 11(1), 1-3. Greensboro, NC: Center for Creative Leadership.
44.
Lamborn, S.D., Mounts, N.S.Steinberg, L., & Dornbusch, S.M. (1991). Patterns of competence and adjustment among adolescents from authoritative, authoritarian, indulgent, and neglectful families. Child Development, 62, 1049-1065.
45.
Larsen, E. (1993). Who's driving your bus?San Diego: Pfeiffer & Co.
46.
Laursen, P.C. (1993). Parenting imperatives for an evolving global society: A model for parental competence. Unpublished master's thesis, SouthCarolina State University, Orangeburg, SC.
47.
Levinson, H. (1994). Why the behemoths fell: Psychological roots of corporate failure. American Psychologist, 49 (5), 428-436.
48.
Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., & White, R.K. (1939). Patterns of aggressive behavior in "social climates ". Journal of Social Psychology, 10, 271-299.
49.
MacKinnon, D.W. (1978). In search of human effectiveness. Buffalo, NY: Creative Education Foundation.
50.
Maccoby, E., & Martin, J. (1983). Socialization in the context of the family: Parent-child interaction. In E.M. Hetherington (Ed.), P.H. Mussen (Series Ed.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 4. Socialization. personality, and social development (pp. 1-101). NY: Wiley.
51.
Martin, M.H. (1993). Emotional bonds with parents, attachment styles, and satisfaction in adult relationships and work. Paper presented by invitation to American Psychological Association, Division 17, Southeast Regional Conference, Gainesville, Florida .
52.
Maslow, A.H. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
53.
Maslow, A.H. (1970). Motivation and personality. NY: Harper & Row.
54.
Minuchin, P. (1988). Relationships within the family: A systems perspective on development. In R.A. Hinde & J. Hinde (Eds.), Relationships within families. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press .
55.
Mussen, P.H., Conger, J.J., Kagan, J. & Huston, A.C. (1990). Child development and personality. NY: Harper & Collins.
56.
Mussen, P.H. (Ed.). (1983). Handbook of child pychology: Vol. 4, Socialization, personality, and social development. NY: Wiley.
57.
Naisbitt, J. (1984). Megatrends. NY: Warner Books .
58.
Roberts, T.W. (1994). A systems perspective of parenting. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole.
59.
Roe, A. (1952). The making of a scientist. NY: Dodd, Mead & Co.
60.
Roe, A., & Lunneborg, P.W. (1984). Personality development & career choice. In D. Brown, & L. Brooks, (Eds.), Career choice and development. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
61.
Roe, A., & Seigelman, M. (1963). A parent-child relations questionnaire. Child Development, 34, 355-369.
62.
Samples, B. (1992). Using learning modalities to celebrate intelligence . Educational Leadership, 50(2), 62-66.
63.
Schludermann, S., & Schludermann, E. (1983). Sociocultural change and adolescents' perceptions of parent behavior. Developmental Psychology, 19, (5), 674-585.
64.
Simonton, D.K. (1984). Genius, creativity, and leadership. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
65.
Sternberg, R.J. (1986). Conceptions of giftedness. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
66.
Stemberg, R.J. (1988). The nature of creativity. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
67.
Stogdill, R.M. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research. NY: Free Press.
68.
Summers, P.P. (1994). Today's home base: Tomorrow's workplace. Paper presented by invitation to Southeastern Council for Family Relations Annual Meeting, Atlanta.
69.
Summers, P.P. (1990). Emergence of leadership: The association of parent-child relationship and transformational leadership style. Dissertation Abstracts International. (University Microfilms3-016-042).
70.
Summers, P.P. (1989). Emergence of creative personality: The synergism of effective parenting. The Creative Adult and Child Quarterly , 15, 3&4, 136-146.
71.
Tein, J., Roosa, M.W., & Michaels, M. (1994). Agreement between parent and child reports on parental behaviors. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 56(2), 341-355.
