Management has long underestimated the importance of informal rewards in the achievement of organizational goals. At a time when formal reward and recognition systems are increasingly found to be ineffective, the use of informal rewards could provide just the right combination of relevance, immediacy, and individual value to warrant a fresh look at how to make them work. Considering that a reported 33 percent of managers would rather work in another organization where they could receive better recognition, the time is ripe for focused attention on this matter.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Robert N. Anthony, John Dearden, Norton M. Bedford, Management Control Systems, Fifth Edition, Irwin : Homewood, IL, 1989, p 57.
2.
Rosabeth Moss Kanter, "Kanter on Management--Holiday Gifts: Celebrating Employee Achievements," Management Review, December 1986, pp 19-21.
3.
M. Dalton, Men Who Manage, Wiley: New York , 1959, p 219.
4.
Vijay Sathe, Culture and Related Realities, Richard D. Irwin, Inc.: Homewood, IL, 1985, pp 10-13.
5.
Joseph A. Maciariello and Calvin J. Kirby , "Adaptive Control Using Formal and Informal Systems," working paper, 1990, pp 2-15.
6.
Walter R. Nord, "Beyond the Teaching Machine: Operant Conditioning in Management," from Henry L. Tosi and W. ClayHammer's, Organizational Behavior and Management: A Contingency Approach, St. Clair Press: Chicago, 1974, pp 385-398.
7.
Chester I. Barnard, The Functions of the Executive, Harvard University Press : Cambridge, MA, 1968, pp 115-122.
8.
Craig Eric Schneier, "Capitalizing on Performance Management, Recognition, and Rewards Systems," Compensation and Benefits Review, March-April 1989, p 23.
9.
Peter F. Drucker, Management: Tasks, Responsibilities, Practices, Harper and Row, New York, 1974, p 239.
10.
F. Cecil Hill, "Generating Ideas That Lower Costs and Boost Productivity," National Productivity Review, Vol. 8, No. 2, Spring 1989 , p 161.
11.
Daniel C. Boyle , "Ideas for Action-- The 100 Club," Harvard Business Review, March-April 1987, p 27.
12.
Kenneth A. Merchant, Rewarding Results: Motivating Profit Center Managers, Harvard Business School Press: Boston, MA,1989, pp 27-28.
13.
William H. Newman, Constructive Control: Design and Use of Control Systems, Prentice-Hall: Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1986, p 160.
14.
Robert Pritchard, Philip Roth, Margaret Watson, and Steven Jones , "Incentive Systems: Success by Design," Personnel, May 1989, p 68.
15.
"Recognizing Reward Programs," Personnel Journal , December 1986, p 68.
16.
Henry Mintzberg , The Structuring of Organizations, Prentice Hall: New Jersey, 1979, pp 270-271.
17.
Jeanne Greenberg and Michael Liebman, "Incentives: The Missing Link in Strategic Performance," Journal of Business Strategy, July-August 1990, p 9.