A system analysis was completed of the general deterrence of driving while intoxicated (DWI). The analysis identified system elements relevant to the DWI decision and assessed the potential of countermeasures that might be employed in general deterrence programs. This paper defines the DWI general deterrence framework, describes the analytical methods employed, and presents the conclusions and recommendations derived from project results. The paper also presents a system model for interrelating factors which influence DWI deterrence and an associated computer-based simulation program for examining DWI deterrence alternatives.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BorkensteinR. F.CrowtherR. F.ShumateR. P.ZielW. B.ZylmanR.The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University, Department of Police Administration, 1964.
2.
BorkensteinR. F.KletteH. G.JoinerJ. T.PictonW. G.The perception of DWI laws: a study of the general awareness and the attitudes of public and official groups towards the drinking driving laws (Contract DOT-HS-034-1-050). Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA, 1971.
3.
CALTRANS, Computer tabulations of driver trips for 1967 home interview survey of Stockton and 1968 home interview survey of Sacramento. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Transportation, Division of Transportation and Planning, June 1977.
4.
FarrisR.MaloneT. B.LillieforsH.A comparison of alcohol involvement in exposed and injured drivers (Contract No. DOT-HS-4-00954). Washington, D. C.: Department of Transportation, NHTSA, 1976.
5.
FilkinsL. D.ClarkC. D.RosenblattC. A.CarlsonW. L.KerlanM. W.MansonH.Alcohol abuse and traffic safety. A study of fatalities, DWI offenders, alcoholics, and court related treatment approaches (Contract No. FH-11-6555 & FH-11-7129). Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA, June 1970.
6.
HarrisL.Associates, Inc. Public awareness of the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism advertising campaign and public attitude toward drinking and alcohol abuse overall summary. (Study No. 2355). Washington, D. C.: DHEW, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 1974.
7.
LittleJ.W.A theory and empirical study of what deters drinking drivers, if, when, and why. Administrative Law Review, 1968, 23, 23–57 & 169–193.
8.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.Alcohol safety action projects: evaluation of operations—1972 (Vol. II, detailed analysis). (DOT-HS-800-874). Washington, D. C.: (author), 1972.
9.
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.The use of mass media for highway safety (DOT-HS-801-209). Washington, D. C.: (author), 1974b.
10.
National Safety Council.Accident facts. Chicago, IL: (author), 1975.
11.
NeilsonR. A.Alcohol involvement in fatal motor vehicle accidents. California, 1962–1968. San Francisco, CA: Traffic Safety Foundation, 1969.
12.
PerrineM. W.WallerJ. A.HarrisL. S.Alcohol and highway safety: behavioral and medical aspects (Contract No. FH-11-6899). Washington, D. C.: U. S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA, 1971.
13.
SmithR. D.KeenanB.ShambergerR.KarmasekJ.Police Traffic Responsibilities: Manpower requirements, allocations, distribution (Contract FH-11-6934). Washington, D. C.: Department of Transportation, NHTSA, 1969.
14.
TittlemoreL. H.BirdsallM. R.HillD. M.HammondR. H.An analysis of urban area travel by time of day (Contract FH-11-7519). Washington, D. C.: Department of Transportation, FHWA, 1972.
15.
WolfeA. C.1973U. S. National Roadside Breathtesting Survey: Procedures and results (Contract DOT-HS-031-3-722). Washington, D. C.: Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1974.
