In order for blind or partially sighted persons to get about in the typical urban environment we first must recognize what problems face the individual in the typical areas of street identification, bus stop identification and route information determination, obstacle avoidance, and safe path maintenance in such situations as the railroad crossing. Although proper initial planning and design would remove many of the problems in the first place, most cities already have created mobility obstacles that must somehow be corrected—but on a cost-effective basis. This paper outlines some of the corrective measures that could be implemented with minimum cost.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Anonymous—International Guide to Aids and Appliances for Blind and Visually Impaired Persons. Second Edition, American Foundation for the Blind, 1977.
2.
Anonymous—Facts About Blindness. American Foundation for the Blind, Inc., 15 West 16th Street, New York, N.Y., 10011.
3.
Anonymous—Guidelines: Architectural and Environmental Concerns of the Visually Impaired Person. Teh Committee on Architectural and Environmental Concerns of the Visually Impaired—American Association of Workers for the Blind, 2454 Salem Place, Fullerton, Calif. 92635.
4.
DuncanJ.—Environmental Modifications for the Visually Impaired A Handbook. Visual Impairment and Blindness, Dec. 1977.
5.
LeonardJ. A.—Blind Mobility: The State of the Art in Navigation and Orientation. American Foundation for the Blind 50th Anniversary International Seminar on Science and Blindness, Oct 25–27, 1971, New York City.
6.
MurphyJo Anne—How Does a Blind Person Get Around?American Foundation for the Blind, Inc., 15 West 16th Street, New York, N.Y. 10011.
7.
SloanL. L.—Recommended Aids for the Partially Sighted. National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, Inc., 1971.
