A Macrocognitive Approach to System Analysis and New Technology Implementation

Abstract

The rapid advancement of technology is changing human roles in sociotechnical systems. While technological advancements, such as AI and automation, can enhance safety and efficiency, understanding the ripple effects of technology integration is crucial. As human factors researchers and practitioners, how sociotechnical changes impact people is a primary concern. Our work outlines a methodology for investigating the human-centered impacts of integrating new technology into sociotechnical systems, leveraging hierarchical task analysis and a Macrocognitive human reliability approach. The analysis occurs in two independent stages that mirror each other in design. The initial stage defines the sociotechnical system before technology implementation. The second stage captures the system after implementation, which can be performed prospectively or retrospectively. While each analysis yields valuable insights independently, performing both enables meaningful comparisons before and after the implementation of technology. This methodology provides critical information for decision-makers, helping ensure they implement new technology with a “safety-first” mindset.