Understanding Seatbelt Noncompliance in Law Enforcement: A Systematic Review and Interview Findings

Abstract

This study presents findings from a systematic literature review and preliminary results from an ongoing qualitative study examining motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) and seatbelt noncompliance among law enforcement officers (LEOs). Even though seatbelts are a proven safety mechanism, a significant number of LEOs involved in fatal crashes were unrestrained. The literature review, conducted per PRISMA 2020 guidelines, uncovered a critical gap: very few studies specifically examine why officers fail to wear seatbelts. To address this, a semi-structured interview study was initiated to explore officer perceptions and lived experiences. Their narratives—offered in their own words—highlight themes of occupational practicality, cultural modeling, tactical decision-making, and fatigue, which significantly influence compliance. This mixed-method approach demonstrates that policy alone is insufficient; therefore, a deeper understanding of officer perceptions and context is vital for advancing vehicle safety practices within law enforcement.