According to a survey conducted by the CDC, it is estimated that 26% of Americans are living with a disability. Of those with disabilities in the United States, it is estimated that 33 million play video games. People with disabilities face many barriers in gaming, which is likely to impact game satisfaction. Measuring game satisfaction among this population can be problematic if the scale is not adapted to their needs, which can vary significantly based on the disability. To understand how best to assess game satisfaction among these populations, we discuss the issues people with cognitive, sensory, and/or motor disabilities may face when completing assessment scales and then use the validated Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS) as a framework for understanding the game design issues that may impact satisfaction.
Aguado-DelgadoJ.Gutierrez-MartinezJ. M.HileraJ. R.de-MarcosL.OtónS. (2020). Accessibility in video games: a systematic review. Universal Access in the Information Society, 19(1), 169–193.
3.
BarletM.C.SpohnS.D. (2012). A practical guide to game accessibility. The Ablegamers Foundation, Charles Town
4.
BrookeJ. (1996). SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale. In JordanP.W.ThomasB.WeerdmeesterB.A.McClellandI.L. (eds.), Usability evaluation in the industry (pp. 189–194). London: Taylor & Francis
CumminsR.McCabeM.RomeoY.ReidS.WatersL. (1997) An Initial Evaluation of the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale–Intellectual Disability. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 44:1, 7–19.
7.
CuthillF.EspieC.CooperS. (2003). Development and psychometric properties of the Glasgow Depression Scale for people with a Learning Disability: Individual and carer supplement versions. British Journal of Psychiatry, 182(4), 347–353.
8.
EsbensenA.J.RojahnJ.AmanM.G., et al. (2003). Reliability and Validity of an Assessment Instrument for Anxiety, Depression, and Mood Among Individuals with Mental Retardation. J Autism Dev Disord, 33, 617–629).
9.
FinlayW. M. L.LyonsE. (2001). Methodological issues in interviewing and using self-report questionnaires with people with mental retardation. Psychological Assessment, 13(3), 319–335.
10.
HoldenR. J. (2020, September). A simplified system usability scale (SUS) for cognitively impaired and older adults. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care (Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 180–182). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
11.
IJsselsteijnW.Van Den HoogenW.KlimmtC.De KortY.LindleyC.MathiakK.. . . VordererP. (2008, August). Measuring the experience of digital game enjoyment. In Proceedings of measuring behavior (Vol. 2008, pp. 88–89). Wageningen, Netherlands: Noldus Information Tecnology.
12.
IllingworthK.MooreK.A.McGillivrayJ. (2003), The Development of the Nutrition and Activity Knowledge Scale for Use with People with an Intellectual Disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16: 159–166.
13.
KaczmirekL.WolffK. G. (2007, July). Survey design for visually impaired and blind people. In International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (pp. 374–381). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
14.
KeeblerJ. R.ShelstadW. J.SmithD. C.ChaparroB. S.PhanM. H. (2020). Validation of the GUESS-18: A Short Version of the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS). Journal of Usability Studies, 16(1).
15.
KingN.J.JosephsA.GulloneE.MaddenC.OllendickT.H. (1994), Assessing the fears of children with disability using the Revised Fear Survey Schedule for Children: A comparative study. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67, 377–386.
16.
LewisJ. R. (1995). IBM computer usability satisfaction questionnaires: Psychometric evaluation and instructions for use. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 7(1), 57–78.
17.
LindsayW.R.MichieA.M. (1988). Adaptation of the Zung self-rating anxiety scale for people with a mental handicap. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 32, 485–490.
18.
LindsayW.R.MichieA.M.BatyF.J.SmithA.H.W.MillerS. (1994). The consistency of reports about feelings and emotions from people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 38, 61–66.
19.
LindsayW.R.SkeneD.D. (2007), The Beck Depression Inventory II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory in People with Intellectual Disabilities: Factor Analyses and Group Data. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 401–408.
20.
MassonJ.D.DagnanD.EvansJ. (2010). Adaptation and validation of the Tower of London test of planning and problem solving in people with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54, 457–467.
21.
NezuC.M.NezuA.M.RothenbergJ.L., et al. (1995). Depression in adults with mild mental retardation: Are cognitive variables involved?. Cogn Ther Res, 19, 227–239.
22.
PhanM. H.KeeblerJ. R.ChaparroB. S. (2016). The Development and Validation of the Game User Experience Satisfaction Scale (GUESS). Human Factors, 58(8), 1217–1247.
23.
PorterJ. R.KientzJ. A. (2013, October). An empirical study of issues and barriers to mainstream video game accessibility. In Proceedings of the 15th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on computers and accessibility (pp. 1–8).
24.
RamirezS. Z.LukenbillJ. (2008). Psychometric properties of the zung self-rating anxiety scale for adults with intellectual disabilities (SAS-ID). Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 20(6), 573–580.
25.
RyanR. M.RigbyC. S.PrzybylskiA. (2006). The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motivation and emotion, 30(4), 344–360.
26.
SalavatiM.WaningeA.RameckersE. A. A.de BlécourtA. C. E.KrijnenW. P.SteenbergenB.van der SchansC. P. (2015). Reliability of the modified Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, Dutch version (PEDI-NL) for children with cerebral palsy and cerebral visual impairment. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 37, 189–201.
27.
StancliffeR. J.ParmenterT. (1999). The Choice Questionnaire: A scale to assess choices exercised by adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 24(2), 107–132.
28.
WashburnR. A.Weimo ZhuW.McAuleyE.FrogleyM.FigoniS. F. (2002). The physical activity scale for individuals with physical disabilities: Development and evaluation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83(2), 193–200.
29.
World Health Organization. (1993). International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps. Weekly Epidemiological Record= Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 68(15), 101–103.
