This report introduces evidence for the conclusion that a common theme underlies almost all proposed solutions for improving the performance of K-12 students, namely their reliance on the design of educational system environments, features and operations. Two categories of design factors impacting such performance are addressed: (1) 10 factors reliably shown to have a strong influence; and (2) 10 factors with an equivocal or weak influence. It is concluded that: (1) student learning outcomes, and more broadly the edifice of education itself, are largely defined in terms of an extensive system of design factors and conditions; and (2) educators should emphasize allocation of resources to positive impact design factors.
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