Abstract
Our objective was to apply ideas from complexity theory to derive expanded models of Submarine Piloting and Navigation (SPAN) showing how teams cognitively respond to task changes and how this was altered with experience. The cognitive measure highlighted was an electroencephalography (EEG)-derived measure of engagement (EEG-E) that was modeled into a collective team variable termed neurophysiologic synchronies of engagement (NS_E) thus showing the engagement of each of 6 team members as well as the engagement of the team as a whole. We show that the dominant NS_E patterns were different for novice and experienced teams, and that experienced teams used a larger repertoire of potential NS_E patterns. Estimates of the Shannon entropy of the NS_E data streams provided a quantitative history of NS_E fluctuations which were associated with the efficiency of the SPAN teams in updating the ship’s position.
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