Highlights of the Fifteenth Annual Summer Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society,Fajardo,Puerto Rico,July 9–11,1999

1. Abidi N.A. : Electronic media: clinical photography. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:18, 1999.

2. Alvarez R.G. : Poster 1. The results on the efficacy and safety of the OssaTron™ for the treatment of plantar fasciitis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:58, 1999.

3. Attinger C. , Ducic I. Cooper P. : Poster 2. The role of the local muscle flaps in treatment of calcaneal fractures vs. diabetic foot wounds. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:59, 1999.

4. Barouk L.S. : Poster 3. Overlapping second toe: specifications, surgical consequences. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:60, 1999.

5. Barrie J.L. , Thennavan B. Jago E.R. : Poster 4. One year of ankle fractures in a district hospital: a criterion based audit. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:61, 1999.

6. Beals T.C. , Bohay D. , Manoli A. Lee C. : Poster 5. Tarsal coalitions presenting as cavovarus foot deformities. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:62, 1999.

7. Beals T.C. , Bolling S. Manoli A. : Metatarsal shortening for lesser toe metatarsalgia after failed bunion surgery. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

8. Berlet G.C. , Anderson R.B. Davis W.H. : Tendon arthroplasty for basal 4th and 5th metatarsal arthritis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:25, 1999.

9. Campbell J.T. : Poster 23. A spontaneous intra-articular neuropathic fracture of the calcaneus treated by open reduction and subtalar arthrodesis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:80–81, 1999.

10. Chao W. , Deland J.T. , Bates J.E. Kenneally S.M. : Cadaveric study of the relationship between Achilles tendon insertion and Achilles spurs. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:45, 1999.

11. Chou L.B. , Mann R.A. Yaszay B. : Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:15, 1999.

12. Chu I.-T. , Myerson M.S. , Nyska M. Parks B.G. : The contribution of the medial calcaneal osteotomy to correction of flatfoot deformities. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:54, 1999.

13. Clanton T.O. : Incoming presidential address. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:29, 1999.

14. Conti S.F. , Chen W. , Lebowitz P. Glad J. : Use of popliteal fossa block anesthesia in ambulatory foot and ankle surgery. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:43, 1999.

15. Conti S.F. , Miao M. Post W. : Clinical results of tarsal tunnel decompression. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:39, 1999.

16. Coughlin M.J. : Rheumatoid forefoot reconstruction: a long-term study. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:9, 1999.

17. Coughlin M.J. , Dorris J. Polk R.E. : Operative repair of the fixed hammertoe deformity. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:30, 1999.

18. Davis W.H. : Divorce: what to do with chronic foot pain patients when all else has failed. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:10, 1999.

19. Deland J.T. , Page A. Sung I.H. : Functional results of different surgical procedures for posterior tibial tendon insufficiency. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:57, 1999.

20. Ducic I. , Attinger C. Neville R.F. : The role of wound care vs. revascularization in limb salvage of the renal failure diabetic patients. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:37, 1999.

21. Ebraheim N.A. , Mekhail A.O. Haman S.P. : Poster 25. External-rotation lateral view of the ankle in the assessment of the posterior malleolus. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:83, 1999.

22. Esemenli T.B. , Yildirim Y. Bezer M. : Is there a need for lateral release to reduce the sesamoids in hallux valgus surgery? The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:19, 1999.

23. Frey C.C. : Advances in subtalar arthroscopy. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

24. Friscia D.A. : Electronic media: laptop presentations. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:34, 1999.

25. Gould J.S. : Our roots: celebrating the 30th anniversary of the AOFAS. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:29, 1999.

26. Heier K.A. , Walling A.K. , Infante A. Sanders R. : The natural history and treatment of open calcaneal fractures. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:28, 1999.

27. Hintermann B. , Lampert C. , Stutz G. Gächter A. : Arthroscopic findings in acute ankle fractures. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:11, 1999.

28. Jaakkola J.I. , Hutton W.C. Beskin J.L. : Achilles tendon rupture repair: biomechanical comparison of the triple bundle technique versus the Krakow locking loop technique. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:46, 1999.

29. Kaneko H. , Hasegawa A. , Ohtsuka K. , Yako H. Kambe K. : Treatment of old ankle fractures. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:13, 1999.

30. Kelly A.J. , Dracopoulos G. Rudkin G. : Patient choice of anaesthesia or block for forefoot surgery. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:42, 1999.

31. Kitaoka H.B. , Patzer G.L. Shaughnessy W. : Adult consequences of pediatric foot disorders. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:35–36, 1999.

32. Kundert H.-P. Hintermann B. : Lengthening of the lateral column and reconstruction of the medial soft tissue for treatment of acquired flatfoot deformity associated with insufficiency of the posterior tibial tendon. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:56, 1999.

33. Kundert H.P. , Zanetti M. , Strehle J.K. , Zollinger H. Holder J. : Morton's neuroma: does MR imaging influence diagnostic thinking and therapeutic decisions? The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:6, 1999.

34. Lawin P.J. , Nunley J.A. , Klein S.M. , Greengrass R.A. Steele S.M. : Major foot and ankle surgery with continuous regional anesthesia and a disposable infusion pump. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:44, 1999.

35. Lee K.-T. Kim H.-C. : Poster 24. Comparison between anatomical and radiologic measurement of distal metatarsal articular surface angle. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:82, 1999.

36. Lee K.-T. , Kim H.-C. Choi K.-J. : Modified Broström procedure: analysis of affecting factors. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:48, 1999.

37. Lumsden D.B. , Dunn W.R. , Martire J.R. Miller S.D. : Poster 9. The use of combined three-phase/indium 111-labeled white blood cell bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of foot and ankle osteomyelitis in a diabetic patient population. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:66, 1999.

38. Luo Z.P. , Kitaoka H.B. , Kura H. An K.-N. : Medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and flatfoot: a cadaveric study. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:53, 1999.

39. Mahoney C. , Fitzgibbons T. , McMullen S.T. Henkel L. : Treatment of non-healing wounds in a structured multispecialty wound care center: experience of two orthopaedic foot and ankle subspecialists. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:36, 1999.

40. Mann M.R. , Parks B.G. , Pak S.D. Miller S.D. : Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis: a biomechanical analysis of the rotational stability of the Biomet PMI ankle arthrodesis nail. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:16, 1999.

41. Markbreiter L.A. Spagnuola C. : Lower extremity pathology as a risk factor for failed conservative treatment of Morton's neuroma. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:5–6, 1999.

42. Marzano R.C. : Financial implications of the “Therapeutic Shoe Bill.” The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:17, 1999.

43. McIff T. , Saltzman C. Brown T.D. : Poster 6. Contribution of ligaments and articular surfaces to load bearing constraints of the human ankle. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:63, 1999.

44. McKibbin W.K. , Glisson R.R. Nunley J.A. : Biomechanical comparison of the proximal oblique metatarsal osteotomy versus the proximal crescentic and chevron osteotomies. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:22, 1999.

45. McPeake W.T. : Poster 7. Evaluation of a new fixation device used for ankle arthrodesis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:64, 1999.

46. Metzdorf A. Strehle J.K. : Early complications of the modified Lapidus procedure for hallux valgus treatment in adults. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:21, 1999.

47. Miller S.D. : Dorsomedial cutaneous nerve syndrome: treatment with nerve transection and burial into bone. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:20, 1999.

48. Miller S.D. : Poster 10. Madura foot: treatment of Nocardia nova infection with antibiotics alone. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:67, 1999.

49. Miller S.D. : Poster 8. Metastatic adenocarcinoma to the distal fibula: a case report. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:65, 1999.

50. Mims T.T. , Badekas A. , Ottey D.C.K. Schon L.C. : Poster 11. A prospective evaluation of the Pneumatic Achilles Wrap (PAW) for the treatment of acute and subacute Achilles tendinitis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:68, 1999.

51. Mulcahy D. , Daniels T. , Lau J.T.C. , Bogoch E.R. Hastings D. : Rheumatoid forefoot deformity: a comparison of five methods of reconstruction. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:10, 1999.

52. Parks B.G. , Trnka H.-J. , Nyska M. Myerson M.S. : Dorsiflexion contracture after the Weil osteotomy: results of cadaver study and 3-D analysis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:32, 1999.

53. Parks B.G. , Trnka H.-J. , Nyska M. Myerson M.S. : Mechanical comparison of six different first metatarsal shaft osteotomies and the influence of osteotomy type on postoperative immobilization. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:23, 1999.

54. Pedowitz W.J. : Coding corner: keeping up with Medicare. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:18, 1999.

55. Pinzur M.S. : AOFAS diabetic shoe survey. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:17, 1999.

56. Reiber G. : Magnitude and costs of the diabetic foot. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:17, 1999.

57. Richards D.P. , Ajemian S.V. , Wiley J.P. , Brunet J.A. Zernicke R.F. : Poster 26. Ankle joint dynamics during jump and their relation to patellar tendinitis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:84, 1999.

58. Saltzman C. , Bottlang M. , McIff T. Brown T.D. : Effect of syndesmosis fusion on normal talocrural joint kinematics. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:50, 1999.

59. Saltzman C. , Honkamp N.J. , Hurwitz S. Amendola A. : Functional outcomes following below-knee amputations for intractable pain. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:41, 1999.

60. Sammarco G.J. Mangone P.G. : Surgical treatment of painful plantar fibromatosis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:7, 1999.

61. Samoto N. , Sugimoto K. Takakura Y. : Poster 12. Electromyographical evaluation of the effect on the abduction exercise of the big toe for hallux valgus deformity. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:69, 1999.

62. San Giovanni T.P. , Thomas W.H. , Wilson M.G. Theodore G. : Long-term follow-up with a second generation, cementless total ankle replacement. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:51, 1999.

63. Schmidt G.J. Stigen R. : Poster 13. Effectiveness of Acumed congruent fusion plate on the treatment of symptomatic hallux valgus and 1st metatarsophalangeal arthritis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:70, 1999.

64. Schon L.C. : Surgical options in alleviating lower extremity pain. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:10, 1999.

65. Schon L.C. , Easley M.E. , Lam P.W.C. , Anderson C.D. , Trnka H.-J. , Lumsden D.B. , Levin G. Shanker J. : Surgical management of chronic lower extremity neuropathic pain. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:40, 1999.

66. Schon L.C. , Lam P.W.-C. , Anderson C.D. Badekas A. : Poster 14. The acquired midtarsus deformity classification system: interobserver reliability. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:71, 1999.

67. Scioli M. : Nonoperative modalities for treating the persistently painful patient. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:10, 1999.

68. Scranton P.E. McDermott J.E. : Poster 15. Variations in mortise anatomy, impingement spurs and their relationship to chronic anterolateral ankle instability. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:72, 1999.

69. Scranton P.E. McDermott J.E. : The relationship between anterolateral ankle instability and impingement spurs. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:49, 1999.

70. Sekiya J.K. , Evensen K.E. Jebson P.J.L. : Poster 16. The effect of knee and ankle position on the displacement of Achilles tendon ruptures in a cadaveric model: implications for non-operative management. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:73, 1999.

71. Shapiro S.L. : Endoscopic plantar fasciotomy and Morton's neuroma decompression. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

72. Slovenkai M.P. : Introductory remarks about “Campaign 2000: The Year of the Diabetic Foot.” The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:17, 1999.

73. Smith R.W. : Introductory remarks about “Campaign 2000: The Year of the Diabetic Foot.” The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:17, 1999.

74. Smith R.W. : Outgoing presidential address. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:29, 1999.

75. Stephens H.M. Kearney R.E. : Poster 17. Salvage of feet with osteomyelitis and neuropathic ulcers in diabetic renal transplant and dialysis patients using fasciocutaneous flaps and/or subtotal calcanectomy. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:74, 1999.

76. Sullivan M.R. : Endoscopic retrocalcaneal decompression and bursectomy. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

77. Sullivan R.J. Davidson R.S. : When does the flattop talus lesion occur in idiopathic clubfoot? The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:34, 1999.

78. Sung I.H. , Potter H. Deland J.T. : Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: which ligaments are involved? The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:52, 1999.

79. Tanaka Y. , Omokawa S. , Ryu J. , Kish V. Takakura Y. : Poster 18. Tears of the fibrocartilaginous plate in the spring ligament complex. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:75, 1999.

80. Tasto J.P. : Arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis: a nine year follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:14, 1999.

81. Tasto J.P. : Arthroscopic subtalar arthrodesis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

82. Tasto J.P. : Arthroscopic syndesmosis debridement. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:33, 1999.

83. Temple H.T. Steinlauf S.D. : Tumors of the foot: pitfalls in diagnosis and management. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:5, 1999.

84. Thermann H. , Richter M. , Schratt H. Tscherne H. : Fractures of the midfoot: occurrence, origin and long-term results. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:24, 1999.

85. Thermann H. , Richter M. , Schratt H.E. Tscherne H. : Poster 19. Fractures of the foot in car accidents: a long-term study over 13 years. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:76, 1999.

86. Thienpont E. , De Wachter A. Dereymaeker G. : Treatment of hallux rigidus with double-stem silicone implants. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:8, 1999.

87. Thordarson D.B. , Bains R. Sheperd L. : The role of ankle arthroscopy in the surgical management of ankle fractures. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:12, 1999.

88. Thordarson D.B. , Samuelson M. Shepherd L. : SRS cancellous bone cement augmentation of calcaneus fracture fixation: short-term follow-up. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:26, 1999.

89. Tochigi Y. , Takahashi K. , Yoshinaga K. , Wada Y. , Moriya H. Tamaki T. : Biomechanical study of the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament tear: changes of the hindfoot kinematics under physiologic loading. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:47, 1999.

90. Toolan B.C. , Quinones V.W. , Cunningham B. Brage M.E. : An evaluation of the use of retrospectively acquired preoperative AOFAS clinical rating scores to assess surgical outcome after elective foot and ankle surgery. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:55, 1999.

91. Trepman E. , Kadel N. , Chisholm K. Razzano L. : Effect of foot and ankle position on tarsal tunnel pressure. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:38, 1999.

92. Usami N. , Miyanaga M. Waseda A. : Poster 20. Pathogenesis of sinus tarsi syndrome. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:77, 1999.

93. Vandeputte G. , Steenwerckx A. Dereymaeker G. : The Weil osteotomy of the lesser metatarsals: a clinical and pedodynographic follow-up study. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:31, 1999.

94. Vives M.J. , Abidi N.A. , Ishikawa S.N. Taliwal R.V. : Poster 21. Soft-tissue structures at risk during transfixion pin placement about the ankle. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:78, 1999.

95. Wapner K.L. : Etiology of chronic pain and neuritis. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:10, 1999.

96. Wei S.Y. , Okereke E. , Esmail A. , Born C. Delong W. : Operatively treated calcaneus fractures: to mobilize or not to mobilize? The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:27, 1999.

97. Welsch F. , Saltzman C. Kerschbaumer F. : Pedobarographic results after Keller-Brandes and Regnauld procedures for hallux valgus. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:18, 1999.

98. Zollinger-Kies H. Rüehli M. : Poster 22. Clinical significance of foot-CT in orthopaedics. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15th Annual Summer Meeting, Final Program, 15:79, 1999.