Abstract
The ball-and-socket ankle is a rare clinical condition that has a deformity of the talotibial articulation. Assorted anomalies frequently exist. Treatment is usually based on clinical presentation of a foot problem.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
.
Brahme
F.
: Upper talar enarthrosis.
Acta Radiol. , 55 : 221 –224 , 1961 .
2.
.
Channon
G.M.
Brotherton
B.J.
: Ball-and-socket ankle joint.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 61B : 85 –89 , 1979 .
3.
.
Dennis
D.
Clayton
M.L.
Ferlic
D.C.
.: Osteoarthritis associated with a ball-and-socket ankle joint.
Clin. Orthop. Rel. Res. , 215 : 196 –200 , 1987 .
4.
.
Hiroshima
K.
Kurata
Y.
Nakamura
M.
Ono
K.
: Ball-and-socket ankle joint Anatomical and kinematic analysis of hindfoot.
J. Pediatr. , 4 : 561 –568 , 1984 .
5.
.
Jacobs
P.
: Some uncommon deformities of the ankle and foot.
Br. J. Radiol. , 35 : 776 , 1962 .
6.
.
Lamb
D.
: Ball and socket ankle joint—a congenital abnormality.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 40 (2 ):240 –243 , 1958 .
7.
.
Lewis
O.J.
: The joints of the evolving foot.
J. Anat. , 30 : 527 –543 , 1980 .
8.
.
Lloyd Roberts
G.C.
Clark
R.C.
: Ball and socket ankle joint in metatarsus adductus.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 55B : 193 , 1973 .
9.
.
Pappas
A.
Miller
J.
: Congenital ball and socket ankle joint and related lower extremity malformations.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 64A(5) : 672 –679 , 1982 .
10.
.
Penrose
J.H.
: Tarsal synostosis and the ball and socket ankle.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 56B : 202 –203 , 1974 .
11.
.
Sarrafian
S.
: Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle. Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1983 .
12.
.
Schreiber
R.
: Congenital and acquired ball and socket ankle joint.
Radiology , 84 : 940 –944 , 1963 .
13.
.
Tachdjian
M.
: Pediatric Orthopedics. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1972 , pp. 312 –314 .
14.
.
Takakura
Y.
Tamai
S.
Masuhara
K.
.: Genesis of the ball and socket ankle.
J. Bone Joint Surg. , 68B(5) : 834 –837 , 1986 .
15.
.
Weston
W.J.
: Congenital ball-and-socket ankle joint.
Br. J. Radiol. , 35 : 871 , 1962 .