BahrRPenaFShineJ: Biomechanics of ankle ligament reconstruction: an in vitro comparison of the Brostom repair, Watson-Jones reconstruction, and a new anatomic reconstructionAm. J. Sports Med.25:424–432, 1997.
7.
BaltopoulosPTzagarakisGPKasetaMA: Midterm results of a modified Evans repair for chronic lateral ankle instabilityClin. Orthop.422:180–185, 2004.
8.
BarbariSGBrevigKEggeT: Reconstruction of the lateral ligamentous structures of the ankle with a modified Watson-Jones procedureFoot Ankle7:362–368, 1987.
9.
BeckerHPRosenbaumDZeithammelG: Tenodesis versus carbon fiber repair of ankle ligaments: a clinical comparisonClin. Orthop.325:194–202, 1996.
10.
BeckerHPEbnerSEbnerD: 12-year outcome after modified Watson-Jones tenodesis for ankle instabilityClin. Orthop.358:194–204, 1999.
11.
BellSJMologneTSSitlerDFCoxJS: Twenty-six year results after Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instabilityAm. J. Sports Med.34:975–978, 2006.
BeynnonBDMurphyDFAlosaDM: Predictive factors for lateral ankle sprains: A literature reviewJ. Athl. Train.37:376–380, 2002.
14.
BohnsackMSurieBKirschDLWülkerN: Biomechanical properties of commonly used autogenous transplants in the surgical treatment of chronic lateral ankle instabilityFoot Ankle Int.23:661–664, 2002.
15.
BosienWRStaplesOSRussellSW: Residual disability following acute ankle sprainsJ. Bone Joint Surg.37-A:1237–1243, 1955.
16.
BrandRHeckmanJScottJLutterLRichardsonEG: Changing ethical standards in scientific publicationFoot Ankle Int.25:769–770, 2004.
17.
BrantiganJWPedeganaLRLippertFG: Instability of the subtalar joint: Diagnosis by stress tomography in three casesJ. Bone Joint Surg.59-A:321–324, 1977.
18.
BrodskyARO'MalleyMBohneWHDelandJAKennedyJG: An analysis of outcome measures following the Bröstrom-Gould procedure for chronic lateral ankle instabilityFoot Ankle Int.26:816–819, 2005.
19.
BröstromL: Sprained ankles. I. Anatomic lesions in recent sprainsActa Chir. Scand.128:483–495, 1964,.
20.
BröstromL: Sprained ankles VI. Surgical treatment of “chronic” ligament rupturesActa Chir. Scand.132:551–565, 1966.
21.
BulucuCThomasKAHalvorsonTLCookSD: Biomechanical evaluation of the anterior drawer test: the contribution of the lateral ankle ligamentsFoot Ankle Int.11:389–393, 1991.
22.
BurksRTMorganJ: Anatomy of the lateral ankle ligamentsAm. J. Sports Med.22:72–77, 1994.
23.
ChrismanODSnookGA: Reconstruction of lateral ligament tears of the ankle: an experimental study and clinical evaluation of seven patients treated by a new modification of the Elmslie procedureJ. Bone Joint Surg.51-A:904–912, 1969.
24.
ClantonTO: Instability of the subtalar jointOrthop. Clin. North Am.20:583–591, 1989.
CloseJ: Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle jointJ. Bone Joint Surg.38-A:761–781, 1956.
27.
ColvilleM: Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligamentsInstr. Course Lect.44:341–348, 1995.
28.
ColvilleM: Surgical treatment of the unstable ankleJ. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg.6:368–377, 1998.
29.
ColvilleMMarderRZarinsB: Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments, A biomechanical analysisAm. J. Sports Med.20:594–600, 1992.
30.
ColvilleMGrondelRJ: Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a split peroneus brevis tendon graftAm. J. Sports Med.23:210–213, 1995.
31.
CoughlinMJSchenckRCGrebingBRGehronT: Comprehensive reconstruction of the lateral ankle for chronic instability using a free gracilis graftFoot Ankle Int.25:231–241, 2004.
32.
CsizyMHintermannB: Dwyer osteotomy with or without a lateral stabilization in calcaneus varus with lateral ligament insufficiency of the upper ankle jointSportverletz. Sportschaden.10:100–102, 1996.
33.
DelandJTde AslaRSegalA: Reconstruction of the chronically failed deltoid ligament: a new techniqueFoot Ankle Int.25:795–799, 2004.
34.
DeVriesJSStrujsPAARaaymakersELFBMartiRK: Long-term results of the Weber operation for chronic ankle instabilityActa Orthop.76:891–898, 2005.
35.
DiGiovanniBFPartalGBaumhauerJ: Acute ankle injury and chronic lateral instability in the athleteClin. Sports Med.23:1–19, 2004.
36.
DiGiovanniBFFragaCJCohenBEShereffMJ: Associated injuries found in chronic lateral ankle instabilityFoot Ankle Int.21:809–815, 2000.
37.
ElmslieRC: Recurrent subluxation of the ankle-jointAnn. Surg.100:364–367, 1934.
38.
ErenOTKucukkayaMKabukcuogluYKuzgunU: The role of a posteriorly positioned fibula in ankle sprainAm. J. Sports Med.31:995–8, 2003.
39.
EvansDL: Recurrent instability of the ankle-a method of surgical treatmentProc. R. Soc. Med.46:343–344, 1953.
40.
FreemanMADeanMRHanhamIW: The etiology and prevention of functional instability of the footJ. Bone Joint Surg.47-B:678–685, 1965.
41.
FreedmanLSJenkinsAIJenkinsDH: Carbon fibre reinforcement for chronic lateral ankle instabilityInjury19:25–27, 1988.
FortinPTGuettlerJManoliA: Idiopathic cavovarus and lateral ankle instability: recognition and treatment implications relating to ankle arthritisFoot Ankle Int.23:1031–1037, 2002.
44.
FugiiTLuoZPKitaokaHBAnKN: The manual stress test may not be sufficient to differentiate ankle ligament injuriesJ. Biomech.15:619–623, 2000.
45.
GillespieHSBoucherP: Watson-Jones repair of the lateral ankle ligaments of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.53-A:920–924, 1971.
46.
GirardPAndersonRDavisHIsearJKiebzakG: Clinical evaluation of the modified Brostrom-Evans procedure to restore ankle stabilityFoot Ankle Int.20:246–252, 1999.
47.
GlasEPaarOSamsalBBernettP: Periosteal flap reconstruction of the external ankle ligaments: results of a follow-up studyUnfallchirurg.88:219–222, 1985.
48.
GoodCJJonesMALivingstonBN: Reconstruction of the lateral ligament of the ankle, Injury7:63–65, 1969.
49.
GouldNSeligsonDGassmanJ: Early and late repair of lateral ligament of the ankleFoot Ankle1:84–89, 1980.
50.
GrahameRBirdHAChildA: The revised (Brighton 1998) criteria for the diagnosis of BJHSJ. Rheumatol.27:1777–1779, 2000.
51.
GrossMTLiuHY: The role of ankle bracing for the prevention of ankle sprain injuriesJ. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther.33:572–577, 2003.
52.
HamiltonWThompsonFSnowS: The modified Brostrom procedure for lateral ankle instabilityFoot Ankle14:1–7, 1993.
53.
HarperMC: The deltoid ligament: an evaluation of need for surgical repairClin. Orthop.226:156–168, 1988.
54.
HarringtonK: Degenerative arthritis of the ankle secondary to long-standing lateral ligament instabilityJ. Bone Joint Surg.61-A:354–361, 1979.
55.
HedeboeJJohannsenA: Recurrent instability of the ankle joint: surgical repair by the Watson-Jones methodActa Orthop. Scand.50:337–340, 1979.
56.
HeilmanAEBralyGBishopJONoblePCTullosHS: An anatomic study of subtalar instabilityFoot Ankle10:224–228, 1990.
57.
HendelDPeerAHalperinN: A simple operation for the correction of chronic lateral instability of the ankleInjury.15:115–116, 1983.
58.
HennrikusWLMapesRLyonsPMLapointJM: Outcomes of the Chrisman-Snook and modified Brostrom procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability. A prospective, randomized comparisonAm. J. Sports Med.24:400–404, 1996.
59.
HintermannBValderrabanoVBossATrouillierHHDickW: Medial ankle instability. An exploratory, prospective study of fifty-two casesAm. J. Sports Med.32:183–190, 2004.
60.
HintermannB: Biomechanics of the unstable ankle joint and clinical applicationsMed. Sci. Sports Exerc.31(7 suppl.):S459–469, 1999.
61.
HiroseKMurakamiGMinowaTKaraHYamashitaT: Lateral ligament injury of the ankle and associated articular cartilage degeneration in the talocrural joint: anatomic study using elderly cadaversJ. Orthop. Sci.9:37–43, 2004.
62.
HoribeSShinoKInoueMOnoK: Reconstruction of lateral ligament of the ankle with allogenic tendon graftsJ. Bone Joint Surg.73-B:802–805, 1991.
63.
HoyGAHendersonIJ: Results of Watson-Jones ankle reconstruction for instability: the influence of articular damageJ. Bone Joint Surg.76-B:610–613, 1994.
64.
IshiiTMiyagawaSFukubayashiTHayashiK: Subtalar stress radiography using forced dorsiflexion and supinationJ. Bone Joint Surg.78-B:56–60, 1996.
65.
KannusPRenströmP: Current concepts review: treatment for acute tears of the lateral ligaments of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.73-A:305–312, 1991.
66.
KarlssonJBergstenTLansingerOPetersonL: Lateral instability of the ankle treated by the Evans procedure. A long-term clinical and radiographic follow-upJ. Bone Joint Surg.70-B:476–480, 1988.
67.
KarlssonJBergstenTLansingerOPetersonL: Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle for chronic lateral instabilityJ. Bone Joint Surg.70-A:581–588, 1988.
68.
KarlssonJBergstenTLansingerOPetersonL: Surgical treatment of chronic lateral instability of the ankle joint. A new procedureAm. J. Sports Med.17:268–273, 1989.
69.
KarlssonJErikssonBBergstenTRudholmOSwardL: Comparison of two anatomic reconstructions for chronic lateral instability of the ankleAm. J. Sports Med.25:48–53, 1997.
70.
KarlssonJErikssonBRenströmP: Subtalar instability of the foot: A review and results after surgical treatmentScand. J. Med. Sci. Sports8:191–197, 1998.
71.
KatoT: The diagnosis and treatment of instability of the subtalar jointJ. Bone Joint Surg.77-B:400–406, 1995.
72.
KeefeDTHaddadSL: Subtalar instability. Etiology, diagnosis and managementFoot Ankle Clin.7:577–609, 2002.
73.
KennedyMPCoughlinMJ: Peroneus longus rupture following a modified Evans lateral ankle ligament reconstructionOrthopedics26:1059–1060, 2003.
74.
KerkhoffsGMHandollHHde BieRRoweBHStruijsPS: Surgical versus conservative treatment for acute injuries of the lateral ligament complex of the ankle in adultsCochrane Database Syst. Rev.3: 2002.
75.
KitaokaHBLeeMDMorreyBFalet: Acute repair and delayed reconstruction for lateral ankle instability: twenty year follow-up studyJ. Orthop. Trauma11:530–535, 1997.
76.
KomendaGAFerkelRD: Arthroscopic findings associated with the unstable ankleFoot Ankle Int.20:708–713, 1999.
77.
KorkalaOTanskanenPMakijarviM: Long term results of the Evans procedure for lateral instability of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.73-B:96–99, 1991.
78.
KorkalaOSorvaliTNiskanen: Twenty year results of the Evans operation for lateral instability of the ankleClin. Orthop.405:195–198, 2002.
79.
KripsRVan DijkNHalasiT: Anatomical reconstruction versus tenodesis for the treatment of chronic anterolateral ankle instability of the ankle joint: a 2 to 10-year follow-up, multicenter studyKnee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthosc.8:173–179, 2000.
80.
KripsRVan DijkNHalasiT: Long-term outcome of anatomical reconstruction versus tenodesis for the treatment of chronic anterolateral instability of the ankle joint: a multicenter studyFoot Ankle Int.22:415–421, 2001.
81.
KripsRBrandssonSSwenssonCVan DijkCNKarlssonJ: Anatomical reconstruction and Evans tenodesis of the lateral ligaments of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.84-B:232–236, 2002.
82.
KristiansenB: Evans' repair of lateral instability of the ankle jointActa Orthop. Scand.52:679–682, 1981.
LaurinCAOuelletRSt-JacquesR: Talar and subtalar tilt: An experimental investigationCan. J. Surg.11:270–279, 1968.
85.
LeachRENamikiOPaulGRStockelJ: Secondary reconstruction of the lateral ligament of the ankleClin. Orthop.160:201–211, 1981.
86.
LelandRHMarymountJVTrevinoSGVarnerKENoblePC: Calcaneocuboid stability: a clinical and anatomic studyJ. Bone Joint Surg.79-B:880–884, 2001.
87.
LiuSHBakerCL: Comparison of lateral ankle ligamentous reconstruction proceduresAm. J. Sports Med.22:313–317, 1994.
88.
LöfvenbergRKarrholmJSundelinAhlgrenO: Prolonged reaction time in patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankleAm. J. Sports Med.23:414–417, 1995.
89.
LuchtUVangPSTermansenNB: Lateral ligament reconstruction of the ankle with a modified Watson-Jones operationActa Orthop. Scand.52:363–366, 1981.
90.
MabitCChaudrucJMFlorenzaFHucHPecoutC: Lateral ligament reconstruction of the ankle: comparative study of peroneus brevis versus periosteal ligamentoplastyFoot Ankle Surg.4:71–76, 1998.
MarshJSDaigneaultJPPolzhoferGK: Treatment of ankle instability in children and adolescents with a modified Chrisman-Snook repairJ. Pediatr. Orthop.26:94–99, 2006.
93.
MeyerJMLagierR: Post-traumatic sinus tarsi syndrome: An anatomic and radiographic studyActa Orthop. Scand.48:121–128, 1977.
94.
MichelsonJHamelABuczekFSharkeyN: The effect of ankle injury on subtalar motionFoot Ankle Int.25:639–646, 2004.
95.
MilnerCESoamesRW: The medial collateral ligaments of the human ankle joint: anatomical variationsFoot Ankle Int.19:289–292, 1998.
NilsonneH: Making a new ligament in ankle sprainJ. Bone Joint Surg.14:380–381, 1932.
98.
NimonGDobsonPAngelKLewisPStevensonT: A long-term review of the modified Evans procedureJ. Bone Joint Surg.83-B:14–18, 2001.
99.
OkazakiKMiyagiSTokunagaJ: Anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ligament of the ankle using a periosteal flap from the fibulaTech. Foot Ankle Surg.4:98–103, 2005.
100.
OkudaRKinoshitaMMorikawaJJotokuTAbeM: Reconstruction for chronic lateral ankle instability using the palmaris longus tendon: is reconstruction of the calcaneofibular ligament necessary?Foot Ankle Int.20:714–720, 1999.
101.
OravaSJaromaHWeitzHLoikkanenTSuvelaM: Radiographic instability of the ankle joint after Evans' repairActa Orthop. Scand.54:734–738, 1983.
PovaczPUngerSFMillerWKTocknerRReschH: A randomized, prospective study of operative and non-operative treatment of injuries of the fibular collateral ligaments of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.80-A:345–351, 1998.
108.
RechtineGRMcCarrollJRWebsterDA: Reconstruction for chronic lateral instability of the ankle: a review of twenty-eight patientsOrthopedics5:46–50, 1982.
109.
RenstromPWertzMIncavoS: Strain in the lateral ligaments of the ankleFoot Ankle9:59–63, 1988.
110.
RieglerHF: Reconstruction for lateral instability of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.66-A:336–339, 1984.
111.
RiveraFBertoneCDeMartinoMPietrobonoDGhiselliniF: Pure dislocation of the ankle: three case reports and literature reviewClin. Orthop.382:179–184, 2001.
112.
RosenbaumDEilsE: A multistation proprioceptive exercise program in patients with ankle instability, MedSci. Sports Exer.33:1991–1998, 2001.
113.
RosenbaumDBeckerHSterkJGerngrossHClaesL: Functional evaluation of 10-year outcome after modified Evans repair for chronic ankle instabilityFoot Ankle Int.18:765–771, 1997.
114.
RosenbaumDBeckerHWilkeHJClaesL: Tenodeses destroy the kinematic coupling of the ankle joint complex. A three-dimensional in vitro analysis of joint movementJ. Bone Joint Surg.80-B:162–168, 1998.
115.
RosenbaumDEngelhardtMBeckerHClaesLGerngrossH: Clinical and functional outcome after anatomic and nonanatomic ankle ligament reconstruction: Evans tenodesis versus periosteal flapFoot Ankle Int.20:636–639, 1999.
116.
RudertMWülkerNWirthCJ: Reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle using a regional periosteal flapJ. Bone Joint Surg.79-B:446–451, 1997.
117.
SammarcoGJIdusuyiO: Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a split peroneus brevis tendon graftFoot Ankle Int.20:97–103, 1999.
118.
SammarcoVJ: Complications of lateral ankle ligament reconstructionClin. Orthop.391:123–132, 2001.
SarrafianSK (ed.): Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle. 2nd ed, LippincottPhiladelphia, pp. 474–603.
121.
SarrafianSK: Biomechanics of the subtalar joint complexClin. Orthop.290:17–26, 1993.
122.
SavastanoAALoweEB: Ankle sprains: surgical treatment for recurrent sprainsAm. J. Sports Med.8:208–211, 1980.
123.
SchmidtRBeneschSFriemertB: Anatomical repair of lateral ligament in patients with chronic ankle instabilityKnee Surg. Sports Traumatol. Arthosc.13:231–237, 2005.
124.
SchmidtRCordierEBertschC: Reconstruction of the lateral ligament: do the anatomic procedures restore physiologic ankle kinematics?Foot Ankle Int.25:31–36, 2004.
125.
SchonLCClantonTOBaxterDE: Reconstruction for subtalar instability: a reviewFoot Ankle11:319–325, 1991.
126.
(A)SeftonGKGeorgeJFittonJMMcMullenH: Reconstruction of the anterior tibiofibular ligament for treatment of unstable ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.61-B:481–483, 1979.
127.
SilverCMDeutschSD: Evans repair of lateral ankle instability of the ankleOrthopedics5:51–56, 1982.
128.
SmithPMillerSBerniA: A modified Chrisman-Snook procedure for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: review of 18 casesFoot Ankle Int.16:259–266, 1995.
129.
SnookGAChrismanODWilsonTC: Long-term results of the Chrisman-Snook operation for reconstruction of the lateral ligaments of the ankleJ. Bone Joint Surg.67-A:1–7, 1985.
130.
SolakogluCKiralALPehlivanO: Late-term reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments using a split peroneus tendon graft (Colville' technique) in patients with chronic lateral instability of the ankleInt. Orthop.27:223–227, 2003.
131.
SolheimLFDenstadTFRoaasA: Chronic lateral instability of the ankle: a method of reconstruction using the Achilles tendonActa Orthop. Scand.51:193–196, 1980.
132.
StephensMMSammarcoGJ: The stabilizing role of the lateral complex around the ankle and subtalar jointsFoot Ankle13:130–136, 1992.
133.
SuEPHealeyJH: Salvage reconstruction for lateral ankle instability using a tendon allograftClin. Orthop.415:232–238, 2003.
134.
SugimotoKTakakuraYAkiyamaK: Long-term results of Watson-Jones tenodesis of the ankle. Clinical and radiographic findings after ten to eighteen years of follow-upJ. Bone Joint Surg.80-A:1587–1596, 1998.
135.
SugimotoKTakakuraYKumaiTIwaiMTanakaY: Reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments with bone-patellar tendon graft in patients with chronic ankle instabilityAm. J. Sports Med.30:340–346, 2002.
136.
TakahashiTNakahiraMKahoKKawakamiT: Anatomical reconstruction of chronic lateral ligament injury of the ankle using pedicle tendon of the extensor digitorum longusArch. Orthop. Trauma Surg.123:175–179, 2003.
137.
TakaoMUchioYNaitoKFukazawaIOchiM: Arthroscopic assessment for intra-articular disorders in residual ankle disability after sprainAm. J. Sports Med.33:686–692, 2005.
138.
ThermannHZwippHTscherneH: Treatment algorithm of chronic ankle and subtalar instabilityFoot Ankle Int.18:163–169, 1997.
139.
TindallSFHeaneySH: Repair of the lateral ligaments of the ankle by the Evans techniqueJ. Bone Joint Surg.58-B:133, 1976.
140.
TochigiYAmendolaARudertJM: The role of the interosseous ligament in subtalar joint stabilityFoot Ankle Int.25:588–596, 2004.
141.
VainionpaaSKirvesPLaikeE: Lateral instability of the ankle and results when treated by the Evans procedureAm. J. Sports Med.8:437–439, 1980.
142.
VammenSPetersonLGKaalundSJorgensenTE: The effect of musculus extensor digitorum brevis transfer for chronic lateral ankle instabilityFoot Ankle Int.19:563–565, 1998.
143.
Van DijkCN.: Management of the sprained ankleBr. J. Sports Med.36:83–84, 2002.
144.
Van DijkCNBossuytPMMartiRK: Medial ankle pain after lateral ligament ruptureJ. Bone Joint Surg.78-B:562–567, 1996.
145.
Van der RijtA.EvansG: The long-term results of the Watson-Jones tenodesisJ. Bone Joint Surg.66-B:371–375, 1984.
146.
VerhagenEVan MechelenWDe VenteW.: The effect of preventive measures on the incidence of ankle sprainsClin. J. Sports Med.10:291–296, 2000.
147.
Watson-JonesR: Recurrent forward dislocation of the ankle jointJ. Bone Joint Surg.34-B:519, 1952.
148.
WilkersonGBPinerolaJCaturanoRW: Invertor vs evertor peak and power deficiencies associated with lateral ankle ligament injuryJ. Orthop. Sports Phys. Ther.26:78–86, 1997.
149.
ZenniEJGreferMKriegJKLambertMBFlorezR: Lateral ligamentous instability of the ankle: a method of surgical reconstruction by a modified Watson-Jones techniqueAm. J. Sports Med.5:78–83, 1977.