Technique Tip: Postoperative Pin Care of External Fixators

1. Ahlborg HG Josefsson PO : Pin-tract complications in external fixation of fractures of the distal radius. Acta Orthop. Scand. 70(2):116–118, 1999.

2. Henry C : Pin sites: do we need to clean them? Practice Nursing 7:12, 15–17, 1996.

3. Parameswaran AD Roberts CS Seligson D Voor M : Pin tract infection with contemporary external fixation: how much of a problem? J. Orthop. Trauma. 17(7):503–507, 2003.

4. Temple J Santy J : Pin site care for preventing infections associated with external bone fixators and pins. Cochrane Database Syst Rev; (1)CD004551, 2004.

5. W Dahl A Toksvig Larsen S Lindstrand A : No difference between daily and weekly pin site care: a randomized study of 50 patients with external fixation. Acta Orthop. Scand. 74(6):704–708, 2003.

6. Wyrisch B McFerran MA McAndrew M : Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond: a randomized prospective study. J. Bone Joint Surg. 78-A:1646–1657, 1996.