The Peroneocalcaneus Internus Muscle: An Unusual Cause of Posterior Ankle Impingement

1. Benjjani FJ Jahss MH Le Double A : Study of muscle variations of the human body. Part 1: Muscle variations of the leg (English Translation). Foot Ankle 6:111–134, 1985.

2. Brodie JT Dormans JP Gregg JR : Accessory soleus muscle. A report of 4 cases and review of the literature. Clin. Orthop. 337:180–186, 1997.

3. Buschmann WR Cheung Y Jahss MH : Magnetic resonance imaging of anomalous leg muscles: accessory soleus, peroneus quartus and the flexor digitorum longus accessorius. Foot Ankle. 12:109–116, 1991.

4. Canter DE Siesel KJ : Flexor digitorum accessorius longus muscle: an aetiology of tarsal tunnel syndrome? J. Foot Ankle Surg. 36:226–229, 1997.

5. Erickson SJ Quinn SF Kneeland JB : MR imaging of the tarsal tunnel and related spaces: Normal and abnormal findings with anatomic correlation. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 155:323–328, 1990.

6. Fiorella D Helms CA Nunley JA 2nd : The MR imaging features of the posterior intermalleolar ligament in patients with posterior impingement syndrome of the ankle. Skel. Radiol. 28:573–576, 1999.

7. Hamilton WG Geppert MJ Thompson FM : Pain in the posterior aspect of the ankle in dancers. Differential diagnosis and operative treatment. J. Bone Joint Surg. 78-A:1491–1500, 1996.

8. Hedrick MR McBryde AM : Posterior ankle impingement. Foot Ankle Int. 15:2–8, 1994.

9. Ho VW Peterfy C Helms CA : Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by strain of an anomalous muscle: an MRI-specific diagnosis. J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 17(5): 822–823, 1993.

10. Lai PL Yang WE Chen WJ Lin PY : Gouty Os trigonum tarsi: Case report. Changgeng Y; Xue Za Zhi. 21:509–513, 1998.

11. Liu SH Mirzayan R : Posteromedial ankle impingement. Arthroscopy 9:709–711, 1993.

12. Mellado JM Rosenberg ZS Beltran J Colon E : The peroneocalcaneus internus muscle: MR imaging features. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 169:585–588, 1997.

13. Nathan H Gloobe H Yosipovitch Z : Flexor digitorum accessorius longus. Clin. Orthop. 113:158–161, 1975.

14. Peterson DA Stinson W Lairmore Jr. : The long accessory flexor muscle: An anatomical study. Foot Ankle Int. 16:637–640, 1995.

15. Sammarco GJ Conti SF : Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by an anomalous muscle. J. Bone Joint Surg. 76-A:1308–1314, 1994.

16. Sammarco GJ Stephens MM : Tarsal tunnel syndrome caused by the flexor digitorum accessorius longus. J. Bone Joint Surg. 72-A:453–454, 1990.

17. Sarrafian SK : Anatomy of the foot and ankle: descriptive, topographical, functional, Ed 2, Philadelphia, JB Lippincott, pp. 231–237, 1993.

18. Steinbach LS : Painful syndromes around the ankle and foot: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation. Top. Magn. Reson. Imaging 9:311–326, 1998.