Current Topic Review: Subtalar Arthroereisis for the Correction of Flexible Flatfoot

1. Addante JB Chin MW Loomis JC Burleigh W Lucarelli JE : Subtalar joint arthroereisis with Silastic silicone sphere: a retrospective study. J. Foot Surg. 31:47–51, 1992.

2. Bardelli M Alberti GL Teti A : Our experience on the surgical treatment of tibialis posterior dysfunction (abstract), in Special Report, by Trepman, E; Lutter, LD: Abstracts from Second combined meeting of foot and ankle surgeons, Venice, Italy, September 16–19, 1998. Foot Ankle Int. 20:669–673, 1999.

3. Carranza-Bencano A Zamora-Navas P Fernandez-Velazquez JR : Viladot's operation in the treatment of child's flatfoot. Foot Ankle Int. 18:544–549, 1997.

4. Chadha H Pomeroy G Manoli A : Technique tip: radiologic signs of unilateral pes planus. Foot Ankle Int. 18:603–604, 1997.

5. Chambers EF : An operation for the correction of flexible flat feet of adolescents. West J. Surg Obst Gynecol. 54:77–86, 1946.

6. Chi TD Toolan BC Sangeorzan BJ Hansen ST Jr. : The lateral column lengthening and medial column stabilization procedures. Clin. Orthop. 365:81–90, 1999.

7. Christensen JC Campbell N DiNucci K : Closed kinetic chain tarsal mechanics of subtalar joint arthroereisis. J. Am. Pod. Med. Assoc. 86:467–473, 1996.

8. Crawford AH Kucharzyk DO Roy DR Bilbo J : Subtalar stabilization of the planovalgus foot by staple arthroereisis in young children who have neuromuscular problems. J. Bone Joint Surg. 72A:840–845, 1990.

9. Crockarell JR Guyton JL : Arthroplasty of Ankle and Knee. In: ed. Canale ST , ed., Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 10th ed., vol. 1, St. Louis, Mosby, pp. 257–291, 2003.

10. Deland JT Otis JC Lee KT Kenneally SM : Lateral column lengthening with calcaneocuboid fusion: range of motion in the triple joint complex. Foot Ankle Int. 16:729–733, 1995.

11. Dereymaeker GP : Kalix endorthis. In Symposium: Orthopaedics Overseas. Presented at the 16th Annual Summer Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. Vail, Colorado. July 15, 2000.

12. Dockery GL Crawford ME : The Maxwell-Brancheau arthroereisis (MBA) implant in pediatric and adult flexible flatfoot conditions. Foot Ankle Quarterly 12:107–120, 1999.

13. Evans D : Calcaneovalgus deformity. J. Bone Joint Surg. 57B:270–278, 1975.

14. Funk DA Cass JR Johnson KA : Acquired adult flat foot secondary to posterior tibial tendon pathology. J Bone Joint Surg. 68A:95–102, 1986.

15. Giannini S : Operative treatment of the flatfoot: why and how. Foot Ankle Int. 19:52–56, 1998.

16. Giannini S : Operative treatment of the flatfoot: why and how. Specialty Day, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Winter Meeting. San Francisco, California. February, 1997.

17. Giannini S Ceccarelli F Benedetti MG Cantani F Faldini C : Surgical treatment of flexible flatfoot in children. J. Bone Joint Surg. 83A:73–79, 2001.

18. Giannini S Girolami M Ceccarelli F : The surgical treatment of infantile flat foot; a new expanding orthotic implant. J. Orthop. Traum. 11:315–322, 1985.

19. Gould N : Evaluation of hyperpronation and pes planus in adults. Clin. Orthop. 181:37–45, 1983.

20. Gould N Schneider W Ashikaga T : Epidemiological survey of foot problems in the continental united states: 1978–1979. Foot Ankle 1:8–10, 1980.

21. Grice DS : An extra-articular arthrodesis of the subastragalar joint for correction of paralytic flat feet in children. J Bone Joint Surg. 34A:927–940, 1952.

22. Haraldsson S : Operative treatment of pes planovalgus staticus juvenilis. Acta Orthop. Scand. 32:492–498, 1962.

23. Harkess JW : Arthroplasty of Hip. In: Canale ST , ed., Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 10th edition, vol. 1, St. Louis, Mosby, pp. 396–437, 2003.

24. Johnson KA Strom DE : Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction. Clin. Orthop. 239:196–206, 1989.

25. Kitaoka HB Alexander IJ Adelaar RS Nunley JA Myerson MS Sanders M : Clinical rating system for the ankle-hindfoot, midfoot, hallux, and lesser toes. Foot Ankle 15:349–353, 1994.

26. Kitaoka HB Watanabe K Fujii T Luo Z An K : Subtalar implant for posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and flatfoot. Poster exhibit at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society. San Francisco, California. February 25–28, 2001.

27. Koutsogiannis E : Treatment of mobile flat foot by displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus. J. Bone Joint Surg. 53B:96–100, 1971.

28. Kuwada GT Dockery GL : Complications following traumatic incidents with STA-peg procedures. J. Foot Surg. 27:236–239, 1988.

29. LeLievre J : The valgus foot: current concepts and correction. Clin. Orthop. 70:43–55, 1970.

30. Lutter LD : Editorial: snapping synapses. Foot Ankle Int. 19:1–2, 1998.

31. Mann RA : Biomechanics of the foot and ankle. In: Mann RA Coughlin MJ , ed., Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, 6th ed., vol. 1, St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, pp. 3–43, 1993.

32. Mann RA : Flatfoot in adults. In: Mann RA Coughlin MJ , ed., Surgery of the Foot and Ankle, 6th ed., vol. 1, St. Louis, Mosby-Year Book, pp. 757–784, 1993.

33. Mann RA Thompson F : Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon causing flat foot. Surgical treatment. J. Bone Joint Surg. 67A:556–561, 1985.

34. Maxwell JR Cerniglia MW : Subtalar joint arthroereisis. In: Banks AS Downey MS Martin DE Miller SJ , ed., McGlamry's Comprehensive Textbook of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 3rd edition, Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, pp. 901–914, 2001.

35. Maxwell JR Knudson W Cerniglia MW : The MBA arthroereisis implant: early prospective results. In: Vickers NS Miller SJ Mahan KT , ed., Reconstructive surgery of the foot and leg: up [date '97], Tucker, GA, Podiatry Institute, pp. 256–264, 1998.

36. Miller SJ : The MBA subtalar joint arthroereisis implant in the adult flexible flatfoot: Preliminary data and experience. In: Vickers NS Miller SJ Mahan KT , ed., Reconstructive surgery of the foot and leg: update '98, Tucker, GA, Podiatry Institute, pp. 13–18, 1998.

37. Mosca VS : Calcaneal lengthening for valgus deformity of the hindfoot. J. Bone Joint Surg. 77A:500–512, 1995.

38. Mosca VS : Flexible flatfoot and tarsal coalition. In: Sponseller PS , ed., Orthopaedic Knowledge Update: Pediatrics 2, Chicago, American academy of orthopaedic surgeons, pp. 215–217, 2002.

39. Murphy GA : Pes Planus. In: Canale ST , ed., Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics, 10th ed., vol. 4, St. Louis, Mosby, pp. 4018–4019, 2003.

40. Myerson MS Corrigan J : Treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction with flexor digitorum longus tendon transfer and calcaneal osteotomy. Orthopedics 19:383–388, 1996.

41. Myerson MS Corrigan J Thompson F Schon LC : Tendon transfer combined with calcaneal osteotomy for treatment for posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: a radiological investigation. Foot Ankle 16:712–718, 1995.

42. Oloff L Naylor B Jacobs A : Complications of subtalar arthrorisis. J. Foot Surg. 26:136–140, 1987.

43. Peters PA Sammarco GJ : Current topic review: arthroereisis of the subtalar joint. Foot Ankle 10:48–50, 1989.

44. Pomeroy GC Manoli A : A new operative approach for flatfoot secondary to posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: a preliminary report. Foot Ankle Int. 18:206–212, 1997.

45. Rockett AK Mangum G Mendicino SS : Bilateral intraosseous cystic formation in the talus: a complication of subtalar arthroereisis. J. Foot Ankle Surg. 37:421–425, 1996.

46. Roye DP Raimondo RA : Surgical treatment of the child's and adolescent's flexible flatfoot. Foot Ankle Clinics 3:593–608, 1998.

47. Sanchez AA Rathjen KE Mubarak SJ : Subtalar staple arthroereisis for planovalgus foot deformity in children with neuromuscular disease. J. Peds. Ortho. 19:34–38, 1999.

48. Sangeorgzan BJ Mosca V Hansen ST : Effect of calcaneal lengthening on relationships among the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot. Foot Ankle Int. 14:136–141, 1993.

49. Sarrafian SK : Anatomy of the foot and ankle. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott Company, pp. 56–58, 1983.

50. Siff TE Granberry WM : Avascular necrosis of the talus following subtalar arthrorisis with a polyethylene endoprosthesis: a case report. Foot Ankle Int. 21:247–249, 2000.

51. Smith S Millar E : Arthroereisis by means of a subtalar polyethylene peg implant for correction of hindfoot pronation in children. Clin. Orthop. 181:15–23, 1983.

52. Steinmetz S , ed, Random House Webster's college dictionary, New York, Random House, 2nd Edition.

53. Subotnick S : The subtalar joint lateral extra-articular arthroereisis: a follow-up report. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 67:157–171, 1977.

54. Tompkins MH Nigro JS Mendicino S : The Smith STA-peg: a 7-year retrospective study. J. Foot Ankle Surg. 32:27–33, 1993.

55. Vedantam R Capelli AM Schoenecker PL : Subtalar arthroereisis for the correction of planovalgus foot in children with neuromuscular disorders. J. Ped. Orthop. 18:294–298, 1998.

56. Verheyden F Vanlommel E Van Der Bauwhede J Fabry G Molenaers G : The sinus tarsi spacer in the operative treatment of flexible flat feet. Acta. Orthop. Belg. 63:305–309, 1997.

57. Verrina F Dagnino G Gulino MT Orengo GF : Talocalcaneal arthrrisis in the surgical treatment of the acquired flatfoot in the adult (abstract), in Special Report, by Trepman, E; Lutter, LD: Abstracts from Second combined meeting of foot and ankle surgeons, Venice, Italy, September 16–19, 1998. Foot Ankle Int. 20:669–673, 1999.

58. Viladot A : Surgical treatment of the child's flatfoot. Clin. Orthop. 283:34–38, 1992.

59. Viladot R Pons M Alvarez F Omana J : Subtalar arthroereisis for posterior tibial dysfunction: a preliminary report. Foot Ankle Int. 24:600–606, 2003.

60. Vogler H : Subtalar joint blocking operations for pathological pronation syndromes. In: McGlamery ED , ed., Comprehensive textbook of foot surgery, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, pp. 466–482,1987.

61. Vora A Haddad S : Congenital flatfoot: diagnosis and nonsurgical management. J. Musculoskeletal Med. 20:80–84, 2003.

62. Vora A Haddad S : Diagnosis and management of acquired flatfoot. J. Musculoskeletal Med. 20:375–382, 2003.

63. Wapner KL Chao W : Nonoperative treatment of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. Clin. Orthop. 365:39–45, 1999.

64. Yu GV Boberg J : Subtalar arthroereisis. In: McGlamery ED Banks AS Downey MS , ed., Comprehensive Textbook of Foot Surgery, 2nd edition, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1992, pp. 818–828.