Weber's concept of charisma is elaborated and refined with reference to thirty-four heads of state who have held office during this century. These leaders have been systematically compared and ranked with reference to their level of charisma. Situational variables are presented, with a view to explaining the presence of charisma. The important variables, conceptu ally and statistically, are isolated. Taken together, they account for over half of the observed variance in charisma.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Apter, David1963Ghana in transition, New York , Atheneum.
2.
Bendix, Reinhard1962Max Weber: an intellectual portrait, Garden City, Doubleday (Anchor Books).
3.
1967"Reflections on charismatic leadership," Asian Survey3: 341-52.
4.
Boyle, Richard P.1970 "Path analysis and ordinal data," American journal of Sociology75: 461-80.
5.
Burke, Kenneth1957The philosophy of literary form: studies in symbolic action , New York, Random House (Vintage Books).
6.
1965Permanence and change: an anatomy of purpose, New York, Bobbs-Merrill.
7.
Cantril, Hadley1963The psychology of social movements, New York, John Wiley (Science Editions).
8.
Claude, A.K.E.1966 "Charismatic legitimation and political integration ," Comparative Studies in Society and History9: 1-13.
9.
Cell, Charles P.1969Charismatic heads of state in the context of nationalistic movements, M.S. thesis, Ithaca, Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology.
10.
Deutsch, Karl W.1953Nationalism and social communication: an inquiry into the foundations of nationality , Cambridge, M.I.T.
11.
Doob, Leonard W.1964Patriotism and nationalism: their psychological foundations , New Haven, Yale University Press .
12.
Duncan, Otis D.1966 "Path analysis: sociological examples," American Journal of Sociology72: 1-16.
13.
Eisenstadt, S. N., ed. 1968 " Charisma and institution building: Max Weber and modern sociology," Heritage of Sociology Series, Chicago, University of Chicago.
14.
Emerson, Rupert1962From empire to nation: the rise to self-assertion of Asian and African peoples, Cambridge, Harvard University.
15.
Friedland, William H.1964 "For a sociological concept of charisma," Social Forces43: 18-26.
16.
Friedrich, Carl J.1961 "Political leadership and the problem of the charismatic power," Journal of Politics23: 3-24.
17.
Galtung, Johan1967Theory and methods of social research, Oslo, Universetetsforlaget.
18.
Gerth, H. H., and C. Wright Mills, eds. 1958From Max Weber: essays in sociology, New York, Oxford University Press (Galaxy Books).
19.
Goertzel, Victor, and Mildred George Goertzel1962Cradles of eminence , Boston, Little-Brown.
20.
Guttman, Louis1947 "The Cornell technique for scale and intensity analysis ," Education and Psychological Measurement7: 247-80.
21.
Hayes, Carlton J.1960Nationalism: a religion, New York, Macmillan.
22.
Hegel, Georg W.1956Lectures on the philosophy of history, New York, Dover Publications.
23.
Heise, David R.1969 "Problems in path analysis and causal inference," in Edgar Borgatta, ed., Sociology Methodology 1969, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass: 38-73.
24.
Kahin, George McT.1955 "Comparative politics of non-Western countries," American Political Science Review49: 1022-41.
King, James Clement1935Some elements of national solidarity, Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
27.
Kohn, Hans1955Nationalism, its meaning and unity, Princeton, Van Nostrand.
28.
Kuhn, Thomas S.1964The structure of scientific revolutions, Chicago, University of Chicago (Phoenix Books).
29.
Land, Kenneth C.1969 "Principles of path analysis," in Edgar F. Borgatta, ed., Sociological Methodology, 1969, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass : 3-37.
30.
Marcus, John T.1961 "Transcendence and charisma," Western Political Science Quarterly14: 236-41.
31.
Menzel, Herbert1953 "A new coefficient for scalogram analysis," Public Opinion Quarterly17: 529-37.
32.
Moore, Clement Henry1965Tunisia since independence; the dynamics of one-party government , Berkeley, University of California Press.
33.
Morton, Ward W.1965Castro as charismatic hero, Lawrence , University of Kansas Press.
34.
Parsons, Talcott1949The structure of social action, Glencoe , The Free Press.
35.
Royal Institute of International Affairs1939Nationalism, London, Oxford University Press.
36.
Rustow, Dankwart A.1968 "Introduction of the issue: 'Philosophers and kings: studies in leadership,''' Daedalus97: 683-94.
37.
Segal, David R.1966 "The political behavior of Milovan Djilas," American Imago23: 142-57.
38.
Shafer, Boyd C.1955Nationalism, myth and reality, New York , Harcourt, Brace.
39.
1959Nationalism, interpreters and interpretations, Washington, D.C., American Historical Association.
40.
Shils, Edward1958 "The concentration and dispersion of charisma: their bearing on economic policy in underdeveloped countries," World Politics11: 1-19.
41.
1960 "Political development in the new states," Comparative Studies in Society and History2, no. 3: 265-92; and no. 4: 379-411.
42.
1965 "Charisma, order, and status," American Sociological Review30: 199-213.
43.
Snyder, Louis L.1954The meaning of nationalism, New Brunswick , Rutgers University.
44.
Snyder, Louis L., ed. 1964The dynamics of nationalism, Princeton, Van Nostrand .
45.
Stokes, Donald E.1968Compound paths in political analysis, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Department of Political Science (mimeographed).
46.
Tagore, Rabindranath1916Nationalism, New York, Macmillan.
47.
Toch, Hans1965The social psychology of social movements, New York, Bobbs-Merrill.
48.
Tucker, Robert C.1965 "The dictator and totalitarianism," World Politics17: 555-83.
49.
1968 "The theory of charismatic leadership," Daedalus97: 731-56.
50.
Weber, Max1964The theory of social and economic organization, New York, The Free Press.
51.
Willner, Ann Ruth1968Charismatic political leadership: a theory, Princeton, Princeton University.
52.
Willner, Ann Ruth, and Dorothy Willner1965 "The rise and role of charismatic leaders," Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science358: 77-88.
53.
Young, Frank W.1965Initiation ceremonies: a cross-cultural study of status dramatization, Indianapolis, Bobbs-Merrill .
54.
1966 "A proposal for cooperative cross-cultural research on inter-village systems," Human Organization25: 46-50.
55.
1970 "Reactive subsystems," American Sociological Review35: 297-307.
56.
Young, Ruth C.1937A structural approach to development, Ithaca, Cornell University, Department of Rural Sociology (mimeographed).
57.
Znaniecki, Florian1952Modern nationalities: a sociological study, Urbana, University of Illinois Press.
