Investigations of the link between the Big Five personality traits and vocational interests have typically found no consistent relationships between personality traits and Realistic interests. The present article uses intraindividual criterion profile analysis in two studies to identify patterns in the relationships between personality traits and Realistic interests not found by previous investigations. In the first study, personality scores from two inventories were used to predict Realistic overall, basic, and occupational interests for 574 adults. Realistic–Producing interests were driven by high intraindividual Openness and low Extraversion. Realistic-Adventuring interests were marked by low intraindividual Agreeableness and high Extraversion. The Intellect aspect of Openness, not the Experiencing aspect, drove the Openness–Producing relationship. In the second study, reanalysis of 19 additional samples from the literature confirmed the important role of Openness to Intellect, but not Experiencing, in driving Producing interests. Gender moderated profile pattern shapes. Generally, personality profile pattern, not absolute levels of traits, drove the validity of personality traits in explaining Realistic vocational interests.
AckermanP. L.KanferR.GoffM. (1995). Cognitive and noncognitive determinants and consequences of complex skill acquisition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 1, 270–304. doi:10.1037/1076-898X.1.4.270
2.
AllportG. W. (1961). Pattern and growth in personality. Oxford, United Kingdom: Holt, Reinhart & Winston.
3.
ArmstrongP. I.HubertL.RoundsJ. B. (2003). Circular unidimensional scaling: A new look at group differences in interest structure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50, 297–308. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.50.3.297
4.
BarrettE. A. (2009, 5). Looking beyond the five-factor model: College self-efficacy as a moderator of the relationship between Tellegen’s Big Three model of personality and Holland’s model of vocational interest types (Master’s thesis). University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI.
5.
BarrickM. R.MountM. K.GuptaR. (2003). Meta-analysis of the relationship between the five-factor model of personality and Holland’s occupational types. Personnel Psychology, 56, 45–74. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2003.tb00143.x
6.
BarrickM. R.MountM. K.JudgeT. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next?International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 9–30. doi:10.1111/1468-2389.00160
7.
BeltzA. M.SwansonJ. L.BerenbaumS. A. (2011). Gendered occupational interests: Prenatal androgen effects on psychological orientation to Things versus People. Hormones and Behavior, 60, 313–317. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2011.06.002
8.
BirkmanR. W.ElizondoF.LeeL. G.WadlingtonP. L.ZamzowM. W. (2008). The Birkman Method (Technical manual). Houston, TX: Birkman International.
Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2014b). Women in the labor force: A databook (2013 edition) (Report No. 1049). Washington, DC. Retrieved fromhttp://www.bls.gov/cps/wlf-databook-2013.pdf
11.
CampbellD. P. (1995). The Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS): A product of ninety years of psychometric evolution. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 391–410. doi:10.1177/106907279500300410
12.
CampbellD. P.HyneS. A.NilsenD. L. (1992). Manual for the Campbell Interest and Skill Survey (CISS). Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson.
13.
CappelliP. (2005). Will there really be a labor shortage?Human Resource Management, 44, 143–149. doi:10.1002/hrm.20056
14.
ConnellyB. S.OnesD. S.ChernyshenkoO. S. (2014). Introducing the special section on Openness to Experience: Review of Openness taxonomies, measurement, and nomological net. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 1–16. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.830620
15.
CostaP. T.McCraeR. R.KayG. G. (1995). Persons, places, and personality: Career assessment using the revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 123–139. doi:10.1177/106907279500300202
16.
CrowleyA. D. (1981). The content of interest inventories: Job titles or job activities?Journal of Occupational Psychology, 54, 135–140. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8325.1981.tb00051.x
17.
DarcyM. U. A.TraceyT. J. G. (2007). Circumplex structure of Holland’s RIASEC interests across gender and time. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 54, 17–31. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.54.1.17
18.
DavisonM. L.DavenportE. C. (2002). Identifying criterion-related patterns of predictor scores using multiple regression. Psychological Methods, 7, 468–484. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.4.468
19.
De FruytF.MervieldeI. (1999). RIASEC types and Big Five traits as predictors of employment status and nature of employment. Personnel Psychology, 52, 701–727. doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1999.tb00177.x
20.
DeYoungC. G.QuiltyL. C.PetersonJ. B. (2007). Between facets and domains: 10 aspects of the Big Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 880–896. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.93.5.880
21.
DilchertS. (2007). Peaks and valleys: Predicting interests in leadership and managerial positions from personality profiles. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 15, 317–334. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2007.00391.x
22.
DuffyR. D.BorgesN. J.HartungP. J. (2009). Personality, vocational interests, and work values of medical students. Journal of Career Assessment, 17, 189–200. doi:10.1177/1069072708329035
23.
EhrhartK. H.MakranskyG. (2007). Testing vocational interests and personality as predictors of person-vocation and person-job fit. Journal of Career Assessment, 15, 206–226. doi:10.1177/1069072706298105
24.
EricksenJ. A.SchultheissD. E. P. (2009). Women pursuing careers in trades and construction. Journal of Career Development, 36, 68–89. doi:10.1177/0894845309340797
25.
FoxM. L. (1995). Assessment of personality and vocational interests: Redundant versus complementary (Doctoral dissertation). Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
26.
FritzscheB. A.McIntireS. A.YostA. P. (2002). Holland type as a moderator of personality–performance predictions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 422–436. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1841
27.
GabrielP. E.SchmitzS. (2007). Gender differences in occupational distributions among workers. Monthly Labor Review, 130(6), 19–24.
28.
GadassiR.GatiI. (2009). The effect of gender stereotypes on explicit and implicit career preferences. The Counseling Psychologist, 37, 902–922. doi:10.1177/0011000009334093
29.
GoldbergL. R. (1999). A broad-bandwidth, public domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models. In MervieldeI.DearyI. J.De FruytF.OstendorfF. (Eds.), Personality psychology in Europe (Vol. 7, pp. 7–28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University Press. Retrieved fromhttp://projects.ori.org/lrg/PDFs_papers/A%20broad-bandwidth%20inventory.pdf
30.
HansenJ.-I. C. (2013). Nature, importance, and assessment of interests. In BrownS. D.LentR. W. (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (2nd ed., pp. 387–416). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.
31.
HirschiA. (2008). Personality complexes in adolescence: Traits, interests, work values, and self-evaluations. Personality and Individual Differences, 45, 716–721. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2008.07.018
32.
HoganR. T.BlakeR. (1999). John Holland’s vocational typology and personality theory. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 41–56. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1696
HollandJ. L. (1997). Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments (3rd ed.). Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
35.
HunterJ. E.SchmidtF. L. (2000). Racial and gender bias in ability and achievement tests: Resolving the apparent paradox. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6, 151–158. doi:10/dqbsk7
36.
KaufmanS. B.QuiltyL. C.GraziopleneR. G.HirshJ. B.GrayJ. R.PetersonJ. B.DeYoungC. G. (2014). Openness to Experience and Intellect differentially predict creative achievement in the arts and sciences. Journal of Personality. doi:10.1111/jopy.12156
37.
KellH. J.LubinskiD. J.BenbowC. P. (2013). Who rises to the top? Early indicators. Psychological Science, 24, 648–659. doi:10.1177/0956797612457784
38.
KingE. B.HeblM. R.GeorgeJ. M.MatusikS. F. (2010). Understanding tokenism: Antecedents and consequences of a psychological climate of gender inequity. Journal of Management, 36, 482–510. doi:10.1177/0149206308328508
39.
LarsonL. M.BorgenF. H. (2002). Convergence of vocational interests and personality: Examples in an adolescent gifted sample. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60, 91–112. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2001.1821
40.
LentR. W.BrownS. D.HackettG. (1994). Toward a unifying social cognitive theory of career and academic interest, choice, and performance. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 45, 79–122. doi:10/bpdwrw
41.
LippaR. A. (2010). Sex differences in personality traits and gender-related occupational preferences across 53 nations: Testing evolutionary and social-environmental theories. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39, 619–636. doi:10.1007/s10508-008-9380-7
42.
LogueC. T.LounsburyJ. W.GuptaA.LeongF. T. L. (2007). Vocational interest themes and personality traits in relation to college major satisfaction of business students. Journal of Career Development, 33, 269–295. doi:10.1177/0894845306297348
MansfieldP. K.KochP. B.HendersonJ.VicaryJ. R.CohnM.YoungE. W. (1991). The job climate for women in traditionally male blue-collar occupations. Sex Roles, 25, 63–79. doi:10/fnx8zb
45.
MayM. A.HartshorneH.WeltyR. E. (1927). Personality and character tests. Psychological Bulletin, 24, 418–435. doi:10.1037/h0069942
46.
MenchesC. L.AbrahamD. M. (2007). Women in construction: Tapping the untapped resource to meet future demands. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 133(9), 701–707. doi:10/dcgrcn
NautaM. M. (2004). Self-efficacy as a mediator of the relationships between personality factors and career interests. Journal of Career Assessment, 12, 381–394. doi:10.1177/1069072704266653
49.
NautaM. M. (2007). Career interests, self-efficacy, and personality as antecedents of career exploration. Journal of Career Assessment, 15, 162–180. doi:10.1177/1069072706298018
50.
OnesD. S.DilchertS.ViswesvaranC. (2012). Cognitive abilities. In SchmittN. (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of personnel assessment and selection (pp. 179–224). New York: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199732579.013.0010
51.
PadavicI.ReskinB. F. (1990). Men’s behavior and women’s interest in blue-collar jobs. Social Problems, 37, 613–628. doi:10.2307/800585
52.
PattersonF. (2001). Developments in work psychology: Emerging issues and future trends. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74, 381–390. doi:10.1348/096317901167442
53.
PozzebonJ. A.VisserB. A.AshtonM. C.LeeK.GoldbergL. R. (2010). Psychometric characteristics of a public-domain self-report measure of vocational interests: The Oregon Vocational Interest Scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 168–174. doi:10.1080/00223890903510431
54.
PryorR. (1982). Values, preferences, needs, work ethics, and orientations to work: Toward a conceptual and empirical integration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 20, 40–52. doi:10/d82x4x
55.
RauschenbergerJ. (2001). Finally: A cure for the skills gap. Techniques: Connecting Education and Careers, 76(6), 46–48.
56.
ReedM. B.BruchM. A.HaaseR. F. (2004). Five-factor model of personality and career exploration. Journal of Career Assessment, 12, 223–238. doi:10.1177/1069072703261524
57.
RottinghausP. J.LindleyL. D.GreenM. A.BorgenF. H. (2002). Educational aspirations: The contribution of personality, self-efficacy, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 1–19. doi:10/b42c3m
SavickasM. L.TaberB. J.SpokaneA. R. (2002). Convergent and discriminant validity of five interest inventories. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 139–184. doi:10.1006/jvbe.2002.1878
60.
SchinkaJ. A.DyeD. A.CurtissG. (1997). Correspondence between five-factor and RIASEC models of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 355–368. doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6802_7
61.
ShanahanM. J.MortimerJ. T.KrügerH. (2002). Adolescence and adult work in the twenty-first century. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12, 99–120. doi:10.1111/1532-7795.00026
62.
StaggsG. D.LarsonL. M.BorgenF. H. (2007). Convergence of personality and interests: Meta-analysis of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire and the Strong Interest Inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 15, 423–445. doi:10.1177/1069072707305760
63.
SullivanB. A.HansenJ.-I. C. (2004). Mapping associations between interests and personality: Toward a conceptual understanding of individual differences in vocational behavior. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 51, 287–298. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.51.3.287
64.
SuR.RoundsJ. B.ArmstrongP. I. (2009). Men and things, women and people: A meta-analysis of sex differences in interests. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 859–884. doi:10.1037/a0017364
65.
TokarD. M.SwansonJ. L. (1995). Evaluation of the correspondence between Holland’s vocational personality typology and the five-factor model of personality. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46, 89–108. doi:10.1006/jvbe.1995.1006
66.
TokarD. M.VauxA.SwansonJ. L. (1995). Dimensions relating Holland’s vocational personality typology and the five-factor model. Journal of Career Assessment, 3, 57–74. doi:10/dzdzbr
67.
TraceyT. J. G.RoundsJ. B. (1995). The arbitrary nature of Holland’s RIASEC types: A concentric-circles structure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42, 431–439. doi:10.1037/0022-0167.42.4.431
68.
WangM.-T.EcclesJ. S.KennyS. (2013). Not lack of ability but more choice: Individual and gender differences in choice of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Psychological Science, 24, 770–775. doi:10.1177/0956797612458937
69.
WonacottM. E. (2003). Everyone goes to college (Myths and Realities No. 25). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse on Adult, Career, and Vocational Education. Retrieved from ERIC database. (ED482328)
70.
WooS. E.ChernyshenkoO. S.LongleyA.ZhangZ.-X.ChiuC.-Y.StarkS. E. (2014). Openness to Experience: Its lower level structure, measurement, and cross-cultural equivalence. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 29–45. doi:10.1080/00223891.2013.806328
71.
WoodsS. A.HampsonS. E. (2010). Predicting adult occupational environments from gender and childhood personality traits. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95, 1045–1057. doi:10/d3p7vp
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
