The country marking displayed by a product repeatedly has been found to affect consumer product evaluations. This study provides a detailed examination of the “tests of transformation” statutes, which form the international basis for determination of country marking. Four major legal tests (name, character, and use; essence; value-added; and article of commerce) are presented, and practical examples are provided to illustrate their strategic uses. Finally, strategic guidelines are provided for global marketing strategists for obtaining appropriate country markings.
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