Adenocarcinoma of acinar origin comprises almost all of the primary prostatic carcinomas. In contrast, prostatic squamous cell carcinoma is extraordinarily rare. We report a case of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate that developed in a 64-year-old man, 3 months after treatment with diethylstilbestrol (DES) and flutamide for stage D2 adenocarcinoma of the prostate. This case report describes a transformation from adenocarcinoma to pure squamous cell carcinoma following the use of DES. The etiology of the squamous cell carcinoma in the present case and those previously reported in the literature are discussed.
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