We present a parathyroid carcinoma with hyalinizing trabecular architecture and a prominent spindle-cell component. The tumor closely mimicked a hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid due to its trabecular growth, eosinophilic hyalinized stroma, and nuclear features including grooves and intranuclear pseudoinclusions. Recognition of this rare pattern is important to avoid misclassification.
EricksonLAMeteOChristofer JuhlinCPerrenAGillAJ. Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of parathyroid tumors. Endocr Pathol. 2022;33(1):64‐89.
2.
AlharbiNAsaSLSzybowskaMKimRHEzzatS. Intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma: an atypical thyroid lesion. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:641. doi:10.3389/fendo.2018.00641
3.
AkirovAAsaSLLaroucheV, et al.The clinicopathological spectrum of parathyroid carcinoma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:731. doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00731
4.
SaliAPMotgharePBalM, et al.Parathyroid carcinoma: a single-institution experience with an emphasis on histopathological features. Head Neck Pathol. 2021;15(2):544‐554. doi:10.1007/s12105-020-01244-x
5.
YanMRoncinKLWilhelmSWasmanJKAsaSL. Images in endocrine pathology: high-grade intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma with Crooke's hyalinization. Endocr Pathol. 2020;31(2):190‐194. doi:10.1007/s12022-020-09613-6
6.
AlwaheebSRambaldiniGBoernerSCoiréCFiserJAsaSL. Worrisome histologic alterations following fine-needle aspiration of the parathyroid. J Clin Pathol. 2006;59(10):1094‐1096. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.029017
7.
KimJHorowitzGHongMOrsiniMAsaSLHigginsK. The dangers of parathyroid biopsy. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;46(1):4. doi:10.1186/s40463-016-0178-7
8.
Fernandez-RanvierGGKhanafsharEJensenK, et al.Parathyroid carcinoma, atypical parathyroid adenoma, or parathyromatosis?Cancer. 2007;110(2):255‐264. doi:10.1002/cncr.22790
9.
HirokawaMSuzukiAHiguchiM, et al.Histological alterations following fine-needle aspiration for parathyroid adenoma: incidence and diagnostic problems. Pathol Int. 2021;71(6):400‐405. doi:10.1111/pin.13091
10.
HeckFCEnglandRB. Manifestations of immunotherapy in cases of bovine ocular squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 1977;72(11):1767‐1773.
11.
ChettyRBeydounRLiVolsiVA. Paraganglioma-like (hyalinizing trabecular) adenoma of the thyroid revisited. Pathology. 1994;26(4):429‐431. doi:10.1080/00313029400169132
12.
GoellnerJRCarneyJA. Cytologic features of fine-needle aspirates of hyalinizing trabecular adenoma of the thyroid. Am J Clin Pathol. 1989;91(2):115‐119. doi:10.1093/ajcp/91.2.115
13.
SambadeCFranssilaKCameselle-TeijeiroJNeslandJSobrinho-SimõesM. Hyalinizing trabecular adenoma: a misnomer for a peculiar tumor of the thyroid gland. Endocr Pathol. 1991;2(2):83‐91. doi:10.1007/BF02915330
14.
González-CámporaRFuentes-VaamondeEHevia-vázquezAOtal-SalaverriCVillar-RodriguezJLGalera-DavidsonH. Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma of the thyroid gland: report of two cases of follicular cell thyroid carcinoma with hyalinizing trabecular pattern. Ultrastruct Pathol. 1998;22(1):39‐46. doi:10.3109/01913129809032256
15.
McCluggageWGSloanJM. Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma of thyroid gland. Histopathology. 1996;28(4):357‐362. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-432.x
16.
MolbergKAlbores-SaavedraJ. Hyalinizing trabecular carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Hum Pathol. 1994;25(2):192‐197. doi:10.1016/0046-8177(94)90277-1
17.
CheungCCBoernerSLMacMillanCMRamyarLAsaSL. Hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid: a variant of papillary carcinoma proved by molecular genetics. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(12):1622‐1626. doi:10.1097/00000478-200012000-00005
18.
PapottiMVolanteMGiulianoA, et al.RET/PTC activation in hyalinizing trabecular tumors of the thyroid. Am J Surg Pathol. 2000;24(12):1615‐1621. doi:10.1097/00000478-200012000-00004
19.
HayashiSBandohNBabaS, et al.A case of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid: diagnostic significance of PAX8-GLIS3 fusion. Thyroid Res. 2024;17(1):9. doi:10.1186/s13044-024-00196-6
20.
NikiforovaMNNikitskiAVPanebiancoF, et al.GLIS rearrangement is a genomic hallmark of hyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid gland. Thyroid. 2019;29(2):161‐173. doi:10.1089/thy.2018.0791
21.
ErovicBMHarrisLJamaliM, et al.Biomarkers of parathyroid carcinoma. Endocr Pathol. 2012;23(4):221‐231. doi:10.1007/s12022-012-9222-y
22.
AlsugairZDescotesFLopezJDecaussin-PetrucciMHyalinizing trabecular tumor of the thyroid: interest of GLIS3 immunohistochemical study to detect PAX8::GLIS3 rearrangement. Hum Pathol. 2025;157:105761. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2025.105761
23.
JohnsonNATublinMEOgilvieJB. Parathyroid imaging: technique and role in the preoperative evaluation of primary hyperparathyroidism. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(6):1706‐1715. doi:10.2214/AJR.06.0938
24.
MirFRohraPAakashN, et al.Fine needle aspiration of an intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma mimicking a primary thyroid anaplastic carcinoma: a case report with review of the literature. Diagn Cytopathol. 2021;49(1):E14‐E19. doi:10.1002/dc.24560
25.
KimELavreniukASpasskayaO, et al.Case report: relapse of intrathyroidal parathyroid carcinoma in a patient with novel variants in MET and CDKN1C genes. Front Oncol. 2024;14:1441083. doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1441083
26.
FioreRGombertELa RosaSDunetVSykiotisGPGorostidiF. Esophageal schwannoma mimicking non-functional parathyroid adenoma on (99m)Tc-sestamibi imaging: a case report. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1258233. doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1258233
27.
McLuckieAThorntonSBAndreeRO'NeilS. Papillary thyroid carcinoma infiltrating a parathyroid adenoma: a case report. Cureus. 2025;17(3):e80961.
28.
GrabillNLouisMMachadoNBrownPEllisESoS. A case series on parathyroid carcinoma: diagnostic challenges and therapeutic approaches. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2024;125:110601. doi:10.1016/j.ijscr.2024.110601