Intraocular paraganglioma is a very rare tumor. There have only been 4 reports of this tumor location in the literature, which arose in the choroid and iris. We present a patient with an intraocular paraganglioma masquerading as an ocular melanoma, clinically and radiographically, that required careful histological and immunohistochemical analysis for differentiation. Due to the sparse reports, we feel documentation of this patient, as well as a review of previous presentations, is necessary to contemplate clinicopathological correlations.
WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Endocrine and neuroendocrine tumours. In: WHO Classification of Tumours Series. 5th ed. Vol. 10. International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2022.
2.
MakhdoomiRNayilKSantoshVKumarS.Orbital paraganglioma – a case report and review of the literature. Clin Neuropathol. 2010;29(2):100-104.
GinderdeurenRVMissottenGSvan den OordJ. Choroidal paraganglioma with metastases to the fellow eye. Case Rep Ophthalmol. 2013;4(1):17-22.
7.
ZhuBYanJ. Orbital paraganglioma. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(6):e503-e506.
8.
SandowLThawaniRKimMSHeinrichMC.Paraganglioma of the head and neck: a review. Endocr Pract. 2023;29(2):141-147.
9.
SaifMWTzannouIMakrilia NSyrigosK.Role and cost effectiveness of PET/CT in management of patients with cancer. Yale J Biol Med. 2010;83(2):53-65.
10.
WoolenSGemmeteJJ. Paragangliomas of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2016;26(2):259-278.
11.
MeteOAsaSLGillAJKimuraNde KrijgerRRTischlerA.Overview of the 2022 WHO classification of paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas. Endocr Pathol. 2022;33(1):90-114.
12.
KamedaYSaitohTNemotoNKatohTIsekiS.Hes1 is required for the development of the superior cervical ganglion of sympathetic trunk and the carotid body. Dev Dyn. 2012;241(8):1289-1300.
13.
IsikEGHernandez-MirandaLR. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 188. Elsevier; 2022.
14.
ZhouYYCoffeyMMansurDWasmanJAsaSLCouceM.Images in endocrine pathology: progressive loss of sustentacular cells in a case of recurrent jugulotympanic paraganglioma over a span of 5 years. Endocr Pathol. 2020;31(3):310-314.
15.
UngerPHoffmanKPertsemlidisDThungSWolfeDKanekoM.S100 protein-positive sustentacular cells in malignant and locally aggressive adrenal pheochromocytomas. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1991;115(5):484-487.
16.
GosmanLMTapoiDACostacheM. Cutaneous melanoma: a review of multifactorial pathogenesis, immunohistochemistry, and emerging biomarkers for early detection and management. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(21):15881.
17.
ArepalliSKalikiSShieldsCL. Choroidal metastases: origin, features, and therapy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2015;63(2):122-127.
18.
GrossniklausHE. Progression of ocular melanoma metastasis to the liver: the 2012 Zimmerman lecture. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013;131(4):462-469.
