Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor of the Retromolar Trigone: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is a mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain lineage and intermediate biologic behavior. Involvement of the head and neck area is infrequent (10% to 15%) and intraoral presentation is very rare. An OFMT developing in the retromolar trigone of a 13-year-old male is presented, along with a comprehensive review of oral OFMT cases. Among 12 oral OFMTs (including the present case), most patients were male (72.7%), with a mean age of 30.3 (13-67) years. The tumors generally appeared as painless masses of firm or hard consistency (mean diameter 27.7 mm), most commonly located in the soft tissues of the mandible (50%). Common microscopic features included ossification, lack of atypia or high mitotic activity, and immunohistochemical positivity for S100 (5/7), vimentin (6/6), GFAP (3/6), and SMA (2/6). Recurrence was reported only in one case. Further characterization of this rare entity is needed to increase our understanding of its distinct clinical and histopathologic features.