Water clear cell adenoma of the parathyroid gland is a rare neoplasm composed of large clear cells with foamy cytoplasm and mild nuclear pleomorphism, compressing the residual nonneoplastic parathyroid tissue. The differential diagnosis includes a variety of neoplasms with clear cell features. In this article, we provide an overview of the entity with a historical perspective, in order to help pathologists in distinguishing it from other neoplasms in their daily practice.
SheldonH.On water-clear cell in the human parathyroid gland. J Ultrastruct Res. 1964;10:377-383.
2.
CastlemanBSchantzARothS.Parathyroid hyperplasia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Cancer. 1976;38:1668-1675.
3.
AlbrightFBloombergECastlemanBChurchillE.Hyperparathyroidism due to diffuse hyperplasia of all parathyroid glands rather than adenoma of one. Arch Intern Med. 1934;54:315-329.
4.
CopeOKeynesWRothWCastlemanB.Primary chief cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands: a new entity in the surgery of hyperparathyroidism. Ann Surg. 1958;148:375-388.
5.
KovacsKHorvathEOzawaYYamadaSMatushitaH.Large clear cell adenoma of the parathyroid in a patient with MEN-1 syndrome. Acta Biol Hung. 1994;45:275-284.
6.
KuhelWGonzalesDHodaS. Synchronous water clear cell double parathyroid adenomas: a hitherto uncharacterized entity?Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:256-259.
7.
DundarEGrenkoRAkalinAKarahuseyinogluEBildiriciK.Intrathyroidal water clear cell parathyroid adenoma: a case report. Hum Pathol. 2001;32:889-892.
8.
PirelaDTreitlDEl HusseinSPoppitiRMeskoTManzanoA.Intrathyroidal clear cell tumor of parathyroid origin with review of literature. Case Rep Pathol. 2016;2016:716564.
9.
NaganumaHShibuyaRTakayaKAsakuraTMoriYKameyamaK.Water-clear cell carcinoma of parathyroid gland with primary hyperparathyroidism: first case report with review of literature. J Basic Clin Med. 2013;2:7-9.
10.
PiggotRWatersPAshrafJColeskyFKerinM.Water-clear cell adenoma: a rare form of hyperparathyroidism. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2013;4:911-913.
11.
Papanicolau-SengosABrumundKLinGHatsehF.Cytologic findings of a clear cell parathyroid lesion. Diagn Cytopathol. 2011;41:725-728.
12.
BlackBGreepRTalmageR.The Parathyroids. Springfield, IL: CC Thomas; 1961.
13.
KandaKOkadaYTanikawaT. A rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism with clear cell adenoma. Endocr J. 2004;51:207-212.
14.
ChenHEmuraSShoumuraS.Ultrastructure of the water-clear cell in the parathyroid gland of SAMP6 mice. Tissue Cell. 2006;38:187-192.
15.
KodamaHIiharaMOkamotoTObaraT.Water-clear cell parathyroid adenoma causing primary hyperparathyroidism in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1: report of a case. Surg Today. 2007;37:884:887.
16.
MurakamiKWatanabeMNakashimaN. Water-clear cell adenoma associated with primary hyperparathyroidism: report of a case. Surg Today. 2014;44:773-777.
ChouYJhuangJHsiehM.Water-clear cell parathyroid adenoma in a patient with acute pancreatitis. J Formos Med Assoc. 2014;113:872-873.
19.
BaiSLiVolsiVFrakerD.Water-clear parathyroid adenoma: report of 2 cases and literature review. Endocr Pathol. 2012;23:196-200.
20.
EzzatTMacleanGMParameswaranR. Primary hyperparathyroidism with water clear cell content: the impact of histological diagnosis on clinical management and outcome. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2013;95:e60-e62.
21.
GrenkoRAndersonKKauffmanGAbtA.Water-clear cell adenoma of the parathyroid. A case report with immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:1072-1074.
22.
BégueretHBelleannéeGDubrezJ. Clear cell adenoma of the parathyroid gland: a rare and misleading lesion [in French]. Ann Pathol. 1999;19:316-319.
23.
PrasadKAgarwalGKrishnaniN.Water-clear cell adenoma of the parathyroid gland: a rare entity. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2004;47:39-40.
24.
DeLellisRTischlerA.Clonality of endocrine proliferative lesions: a critical reappraisal. Endocr Pathol. 1998;9:281-285.
25.
MassonP. Human Tumors. Histology, Diagnosis and Technique. 2nd ed.Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press; 1970:602-603.
26.
RothS.Water-clear cell “adenoma”. A new entity in the pathology of primary hyperparathyroidism. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:996-997.
27.
ZubairBLiVolsiV.Double adenoma of the parathyroid gland. Does the entity exist?Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2001;125:178-179.
28.
HolzmanKLangeR.On the cytology of the parathyroid gland in man. Further studies on epithelial body adenoma [in German]. Z Zellforsch Mikrosk Anat. 1963;58:759-789.
29.
RothSMarshallRB.Pathology and ultrastructure of the human parathyroid glands in chronic renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1969;124:397-407.
30.
RothS.The ultrasucture of primary water-clear cell hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands. Am J Pathol. 1970;61:233-248.
31.
EmuraSShoumuraSIsonoH.Ultrastructure of the water-clear cell in the rabbit parathyroid gland. Arch Histol Cytol. 1992;55:159-166.
32.
BakshiNKunjuLGiordanoTShahR.Expression of renal cell carcinoma antigen (RCC) in renal epithelial and nonrenal tumors: diagnostic implications. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol. 2007;15:310-315.
33.
TorregrossaLRotondoMIInsillaAC. Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the parathyroid gland 16 years after radical nephrectomy: a case report. Oncol Lett. 2016;12:3224-3228.
34.
LevyMTBraunJTPennantMThompsonLD.Primary paraganglioma of the parathyroid: a case report and clinicopathologic review. Head Neck Pathol. 2010;4:37-43.
35.
TruongLShenD.Immunohistochemical diagnosis of renal neoplasms. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2011;135:92-109.
