Thyroid involvement is very rare in disseminated zygomycosis. We describe two cases of thyroiditis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae diagnosed though a necropsy study and the only five previous cases of thyroid zygomycosis reported in the literature are revised.
Zavascki AP, Maia AL, Goldani LZPneumocystis jiroveci thyroiditis: report of 15 cases in the literature. Mycoses. 2007; 50:443-446.
3.
Klock C., Cerski M., Goldani LZHistopathological aspects of neurocryptococcosis in HIV-infected patients: autopsy report of 45 patients [published online ahead of print July 8, 2008] . Int J Surg Pathol. doi:10.1177/1066896908320550.
4.
Goldani LZ, Klock C., Diehl A., Monteiro AC, Maia ALHistoplasmosis of the thyroid. J Clin Microbiol. 2000; 38: 3890-3891.
5.
Avram AN, Sturn CA, Michael CW, Sisson JC, Jaffe CACryptococcal thyroiditis and hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 2004; 14:471-474.
6.
Smilack JD, Argueta R.Coccidioidal infection of the thyroid. Arch Intern Med. 1998;158:89-92.
Ribes JA, Vanover-Sams CL, Baker DJZygomycetes in human disease. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13:236-301.
9.
Saikia AN, Jain D., Joshi K., Lal A., Sakhuja V.Disseminated zygomicosis presenting as thyroid abscess in a renal allograft recipient. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22:641-644.
Solano T., Atkins B., Tambosis E., Mann S., Gottlieb T.Disseminated mucormycosis due to Saksenaea vasiformis in an immnunocompetent adult. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30: 942-943.
12.
Fijii T., Takata N., Katsutani S., Kimura A.Disseminated mucormycosis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patient. Intern Med. 2003;42:129-130.
13.
Kubota L., Miyazawa K., Shoji N., et al. A massive intraventricular thrombosis by disseminated mucormycosis in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome during deferoxamine therapy. Haematologica. 2003;88: 117-118.
14.
Glöckner A., Vehreschlid JJ, Cornely OAZygomycosis: current epidemiological aspects . Mycoses. 2007;50:50-55.
15.
Chayakulkeeree M., Ghannoum MA, Perfect JRZygomycosis: the re-emerging fungal infection . Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006;25:215-229.
16.
Roden MM, Zaoutis TE, Buchanan WL, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of zigomycosis: a review of 929 reported cases. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:634-653.
Kwon-Chung KJ, Young RC, Orlando MVPulmonary mucormycosis caused by Cunninghamella elegans in a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1975; 64:544-548.
19.
Nimmo GR, Whiting RF, Strong RWDisseminated mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a liver transplant patient. Postgrad Med J. 1988; 64:82-84.
20.
Mostaza JM, Barbado FJ, Fernandez-Martin J., Pena-Yanez J., Vasquez-Rodriguez JJCutaneoarticular mucormycosis due to Cunninghamella bertholletiae in a patient with AIDS. Rev Infect Dis. 1989;11:316-318.
Ng TT, Campbell CK, Rothera M., Houghton JB, Hughes D., Denning DWSuccessful treatment of sinusitis caused by Cunninghamella bertholletiae. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;19: 313-316.
23.
Zeilender S. , Drenning S., Glauser FL, Bechard D.Fatal Cunninghamella infection in an immunocompetent patient. Chest. 1990;97:1482-1483.