The Impact of Social Support and Social Strain on Depression Among Older American Adults

Abstract

Depression is a widespread concern among older adults worldwide, often linked to social isolation and inadequate social support. This study investigates the distinct components of social support and their influence on the mental health of Americans aged 60 and above, particularly regarding depressive symptoms. The existing literature notes that aging correlates with heightened risks of anxiety and depression, with developing nations exhibiting higher prevalence rates than developed ones. Insufficient social support emerges as a prevalent risk factor for depression in this demographic. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the specific elements of social support affecting older adults’ mental health. Analyzing data from 3248 older adults, the study explores the impact of spouse, children, family members, and friends’ support on depressive symptoms. Results demonstrate a significant inverse relationship between overall social strain and depressive symptoms, with spouse support emerging as the most influential predictor of lower depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the positive link between social support and older adults’ mental well-being, emphasizing the need to discern individual elements’ effects on mental health.