Abramowitz, Alan.1988. "Explaining Senate Election Outcomes." American Political Science Review82: 385-404.
2.
Abramowitz, Alan, David Lanoue, and Subha Ramesh.1988. "Economic Conditions, Causal Attributions, and Political Evaluations in the 1984 Presidential Election."Journal of Politics50: 848-63.
3.
Asher, Herbert, Randall Ripley, and Karen Snyder.1991. "Political Attitudes and Behavior of Union Members: The 1990 Ohio Election."Paper presented to the American Political Science Association meetings, Washington, DC.
4.
Berelson, Bernard, Paul Lazarsfeld, and William McPhee.1954. VotingChicago, IL : University of Chicago Press.
5.
Bernstein, Robert.1989. Elections, Representation, and Congressional Voting Behavior: The Myth of Constituency Control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Prentice-Hall.
6.
—. 1991. "Ideological Deviation and Support for Reelection: Party Differences in Senate Races." Western Political Quarterly44 (December): 987-1003.
7.
Bogart, William, and Peter VanDoren.1991. "Do Legislators Vote Their Constituents' Wallets? (And How Would We Know If They Did?)"Paper presented to the American Political Science Association meetings, Washington, DC.
8.
Bond, Jon, Cary Covington, and Richard Fleisher.1985. "Explaining Challenger Quality in Congressional Elections." Journal of Politics47: 510-29.
9.
Bullock, Charles, and David Brady.1983. "Party, Constituency, and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. Senate." Legislative Studies Quarterly8: 29-43.
10.
Cain, Bruce, John Ferejohn, and Morris Fiorina.1984. "The Constituency Services Basis of the Personal Vote for U.S. Representatives and British Members of Parliament." American Political Science Review81: 110-25.
11.
—. 1987. The Personal Vote: Constituency Service and Electoral Independence. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
12.
Campbell, Angus, et al. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
13.
Downs, Anthony.1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
14.
Erikson, Robert, and Gerald Wright.1985. "Voters, Candidates, and Issues in Congressional Elections." In Lawrence Dodd and Bruce Oppenheimer, eds., Congress Reconsidered , 3rd ed., pp. 87-108. Washington, DC : Congressional Quarterly.
15.
Fenno, Richard.1978. Home Style. Boston: Little, Brown.
16.
Fiorina, Morris.1989. Congress: Keystone of the Washington Establishment 2d ed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
17.
Hamilton, Lee.1987. "How a Member Decides." In Roger Davidson and Walter Oleszek, eds., Governing, pp. 277-30. Washington: Congressional Quarterly Press.
18.
Hess, Stephen.1986. The Ultimate Insiders: U.S. Senators in the National Media . Washington, DC: Brookings .
19.
Jacobson, Gary.1987. The Politics of Congressional Elections. 2d ed. Boston: Little, Brown.
20.
Johannes, John.1984. To Serve the People: Congress and Constituency Service . Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
21.
Johannes, John, and John McAdams.1981. "The Congressional Incumbency Effect: Is It Casework, Policy Compatibility, or Something Else? An Examination of the 1978 Election." American Journal of Political Science25: 512-42.
22.
Kenney, Patrick, and Tom Rice.1988. "Presidential Prenomination Preferences and Candidate Evaluations." American Political Science Review82: 1309-19.
23.
Krasno, Jonathan.1989. "Campaign Effects on the Public's View of Senators ." Paper presented to the American Political Science Association meetings in Atlanta, GA
24.
Krassa, Michael, and Donald Davison.1988. "Polarized Representation and Constituent Preferences: Can Ideological Opposites Represent the Same Constituency?" Paper presented to the American Political Science Association meetings in Washington, DC.
25.
Larson, Stephanie.1990. "Information and Learning in a Congressional District: A Social Experiment." American Journal of Political Science34: 1102-18.
26.
Lewis-Beck, Michael.1988. Economics and Elections: The Major Western Democracies . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
27.
Markus, Gregory, and Philip Converse.1979. "A Dynamic Simultaneous Equation Model of Electoral Choice ." American Political Science Review73: 1055-70.
28.
Mayhew, David.1974. Congress: The Electoral Connection. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
29.
Miller, Warren, and the National Election Study. 1988. American National Election Study, 1988: The Senate Election Study (computer files). Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research.
30.
Page, Benjamin, and Calvin Jones.1979. "Reciprocal Effects and Policy Preferences, Party Loyalty, and the Vote." American Political Science Review73: 1071-90.
31.
Parker, Glenn.1989. Characteristics of Congress: Patterns in Congressional Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
32.
Parker, Glenn, and Roger Davidson.1979. "Why Do People Love Their Congressmen So Much More Than Their Congress?" Legislative Studies Quarterly4: 52-61.
33.
Parker, Glenn, and Suzanne Parker.1989. "Why Do We Trust Our Congressman and Does It Matter?" Paper presented to the American Political Science Association meetings in Atlanta, GA.
34.
Payne, James.1980a. "The Personal Electoral Advantage of House Incumbents, 1936-1976." American Politics Quarterly8: 465-82.
35.
—. 1980b. "Showhorses and Workhorses in the United States House of Representatives."Polity12: 428-56.
36.
Peltzman, Sam.1984. "Constituent Interest and Congressional Voting .", Journal of Law and Economics27: 181-210.
37.
Pitkin, Hanna.1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley : University of California Press.
38.
Poole, Keith, and Howard Rosenthal .1984. "The Polarization of American Politics."Journal of Politics46: 1061-79.
39.
Rabinowitz, George, and Stuart Elaine Macdonald .1989. "A Directional Theory of Issue Voting."American Political Science Review83: 93-122.
40.
Ripley, Randall, Samuel Patterson, Lynn Maurer, and Stephen Quinlan .1990. "Constituents' Evaluations of U.S. House Members."Paper presented to the Southern Political Science Association meetings in Atlanta, GA.
41.
SAS Institute.1989. SAS/STAT User's Guide, Version 6, 4th ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
42.
Scheb, John, and Allison Hayes.1989. "The Operational Meaning and Utility of Ideological Self Identification: Evidence from the 1988 Election."Paper presented to the Southern Political Science Association meetings in Memphis, TN.
43.
Swansborough, Robert.1982. "Southern Images of President Reagan, Congress, and Southern Congressmen." Paper presented at the Southern Political Science Association meetings in Atlanta, GA.
44.
Vanderbilt Television News Archive.1988. Vanderbilt Television News Index and Abstracts, 1988. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University.
45.
Whitby, Kenny, and Timothy Bledsoe.1986. "The Impact of Policy Voting on the Electoral Fortunes of Senate Incumbents." Western Political Quarterly39: 690-700.
46.
Wright, Gerald, Jr. 1989. "Policy Voting in the U.S. Senate: Who is Represented ?" Legislative Politics Quarterly3: 465-82.
47.
Wright, Gerald, Jr., and Michael Berkman .1986. "Candidates and Policy in United States Senate Election." American Political Science Review80: 567-90.