Abramowitz, Alan I.1988. "Explaining Senate Election Outcomes." American Political Science Review82: 385-403.
2.
Barone, Michael, and Grant Ujifusa.1989. The Almanac of American Politics 1990 . Washington, DC: National Journal .
3.
Beyle, Thad E.1989. "From Governor to Governors." In Carl E. Van Horn, ed., The State of the States , Washington, DC: CQ Press.
4.
—. 1990a. "Costs of Gubernatorial Campaigns: 1987." Comparative State Politics11: 28-29.
5.
—. 1990b. "Costs of Gubernatorial Campaigns: 1988." Comparative State Politics11: 30-32.
6.
Bianco, William T.1984. "Strategic Decisions on Candidacy in U.S. Congressional Districts." Legislative Studies Quarterly9: 351-64.
7.
Bibby, John F.1987. "The 1986 Midterm Elections for Governor and State Legislatures: A Modest Departure from Past Patterns." Publius17: 67-82.
8.
Bond, Jon R., Cary Covington, and Richard Fleisher .1985. "Explaining Challenger Quality in Congressional Elections." Journal of Politics47: 510-29.
9.
Born, Richard.1986. "Strategic Politicians and Unresponsive Voters ." American Political Science Review80: 599-612.
10.
Chubb, John E.1988. "Institutions, the Economy, and the Dynamics of State Elections." American Political Science Review82: 133-54.
11.
Fowler, Linda L., and Robert D. McClure .1989. Political Ambition: Who Decides to Run for Congress. New Haven: Yale University Press.
12.
Holbrook-Provow, Thomas M.1987. "National Factors in Gubernatorial Elections." American Politics Quarterly15: 471-83.
13.
Jacobson, Gary C.1989. "Strategic Politicians and the Dynamics of U.S. House Elections, 1946-86." American Political Science Review83: 773-93.
14.
Jacobson, Gary C., and Samuel Kernell.1981. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections . New Haven: Yale University Press .
15.
Jewell, Malcolm E., and David M. Olson.1988. Political Parties and Elections in the American States, 3rd ed. Chicago : Dorsey.
16.
Kenney, Patrick J.1983. "The Effect of State Economic Conditions on the Vote for Governor." Social Science Quarterly64: 154-62.
17.
Kenney, Patrick J., and Tom W. Rice.1983. "Popularity and the Vote: The Gubernatorial Case." American Politics Quarterly11: 237-41.
18.
Krasno, Jonathan S., and Donald Philip Green .1988. "Preempting Quality Challengers in House Elections." Journal of Politics50: 920-36.
19.
Mann, Thomas E., and Raymond E. Wolfinger .1980. "Candidates and Parties in Congressional Elections." American Political Science Review74: 617-32.
20.
Ornstein, Norman J., Thomas E. Mann, and Michael J. Malbin .1990. Vital Statistics on Congress 1989-1990. Washington, DC: CQ Press .
21.
Patterson, Samuel C.1982. "Campaign Spending in Contests for Governor." Western Political Quarterly35: 457-77.
22.
Piereson, James E.1977. "Sources of Success in Gubernatorial Elections, 1910-1970 ." Journal of Politics39: 939-58.
23.
Ragsdale, Lyn, and Timothy E. Cook .1987. "Representatives' Actions and Challengers' Reactions: Limits to Candidate Connections in the House." American Journal of Political Science31: 45-81.
24.
Sabato, Larry.1978. Goodbye to Good-Time Charlie. Lexington, MA: Heath.
25.
Schlesinger, Joseph A.1985. "The New American Political Party." American Political Science Review79: 1152-69.
26.
Squire, Peverill.1989a. "Challengers in U.S. Senate Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly14: 531-47.
27.
—. 1989b. "Challenger Quality and Voting Behavior in Senate Elections ." Presented at the Electing the Senate Conference , University of Houston and Rice University, Houston.
28.
Stein, Robert M.1990. "Economic Voting for Governor and U.S. Senator: The Electoral Consequences of Federalism." Journal of Politics52: 29-53.
29.
Stewart, Charles, Iii.1989. "A Sequential Model of U.S. Senate Elections." Legislative Studies Quarterly14: 567-601.
30.
Tompkins, Mark E.1984. "The Electoral Fortunes of Gubernatorial Incumbents: 1947-1981 ." Journal of Politics46: 520-43.
31.
Turett, J. Stephen.1971. "The Vulnerability of American Governors, 1900-1969 ." Midwest Journal of Political Science15: 108-32.
32.
Wright, Gerald C., Robert S. Erikson, and John P. McIver.1985. "Measuring State Partisanship and Ideology with Survey Data." Journal of Politics47: 69-89.