Bureaucratic Whistleblowing and Policy Change

Aberbach, Joel D. 1979. "Changes in Congressional Oversight." American Behavioral Scientist 22 (May/June): 493-515.

Abramson, Jill. 1986. "Reagan Agency Pushed to the Max." Legal Times 9 (August 4): 1, 14-16.

Adams, Floyd C. 1986a. Letter to Al Martinez, Chief, Civil Rights Bureau, California Department of Social Services from Floyd Adams, Director, Investigative Division, Office for Civil Rights, Regional IX, February 6.

—. 1986b. Memo to Internal Coordinator for AIDS and ARC Complaints and Inquiries from Floyd Adams, Acting Regional Manager, OCR IX, February 28.

Anonymous. 1989. Some of the interviews related to Hal Freeman's resignation were conducted under a grant of anonymity.

Apodaca, Virginia. 1986. Memo to All Staff from Virginia Apodaca, Regional Manager, OCR IX, July 9.

—. 1989. Personal interview with Virginia Apodaca, regional manager , OCR Region IX, February 13.

Barnes, Robert , and JoAnne Frankfurt . 1987. "Gene Arline's Battle with Tuberculosis and Her School Board" Access to Employment (Spring): 5-8.

Bok, Sissela. 1981. "Blowing the Whistle." In Joel L. Fleishman, Lance Liebman , and Mark H. Moore , eds., Public Duties: The Moral Obligations of Government Officials. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Bonner, Raymond. 1983a. "E.P.A. Officials Say Inquiry Data Have Been Erased or Are Missing." New York Times, February 20, 1.

—. 1983b. "EPA Administrator Said to Ask Inquiries on Miss Lavelle's Actions." New York Times, February 21, 14.

Bowman, Ann O'M. 1988. "Superfund Implementation: Five Years and How Many Changes ." In Charles E. Davis and James P. Lester , eds., Dimensions of Hazardous Waste Politics and Policy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Bowman, James S. , Frederick A. Elliston , and Paula Lockhart. 1984. Professional Dissent: An Annotated Bibliography and Resource Guide. New York: Garland .

Branch, Taylor. 1979. "Courage Without Esteem: Profiles in Whistle-Blowing ." In Charles Peters and Michael Nelson , eds., Culture of Bureaucracy . New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston.

Bunting, Glenn F. 1985. "Navy Whistle-Blower to Testify Before House Panel ." Los Angeles Times, September 30, 3, 10.

Burnham, David. 1982a. "Paper Chase of a Whistle-Blower." New York Times, October 16, 9.

—. 1982b. "Environmental Unit Accused of Seeking to Silence a Critic ." New York Times, December 11, 11.

—. 1983. "Tension Bubbles in the Bureaucracy: E.P.A. Shakeup Is Rooted in Clash of Appointees and Civil Servants." New York Times, March 13, Section 4, 2.

Chalk, Rosemary , and Frank von Hippel . 1979. "Due Process for Dissenting 'Whistle-Blowers'." Technology Review 81 (June/July): 49-55.

Christiansen, Jon P. 1975. "A Remedy for the Discharge of Professional Employees Who Refuse to Perform Unethical or Illegal Acts: A Proposal in Aid of Professional Ethics" Vanderbilt Law Review 28: 805-41.

Cimons , Marlene. 1986. "U.S. Rights Aid Charges a Bias, Quits," Los Angeles Times, February 22, Part II, 4.

Clark, Louis. 1978. "The Sound of Professional Suicide." Barrister 5 (Summer): 10-13, 19.

Cook, Tim. 1987. "Courts Rule on 504 Employment Coverage." Mainstream (May): 15, 17-19.

Cranston, Alan. 1986. Letter to Otis Bowen, Secretary of Health and Human Services, February 26.

Daily Labor Report. 1986. "HHS Official Quits, Cites Policy on Denial of Help to Persons with AIDS." February 26, A2, A3.

Davidson, Joe. 1986. "HHS Aide Is Said to Receive $87,000 of U.S.-Paid Trips ," Wall Street Journal, August 7, 30.

Davies, J. Clarence. 1984. "Environmental Institutions and the Reagan Administration." In Vig and Kraft, Environmental Policy in the 1980s.

Davis, Joseph. 1983. "Burford Resigns from EPA; Congress Gets Documents ." Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, March 12, 495-98.

Department of Health and Human Services, Region IX , 1986. "Your Rights as a Person with Aids or Related Conditions ."

Devine, Thomas M. , and Donald G. Aplin . 1986. "Abuse of Authority: The Office of the Special Counsel and Whistleblower Protection." Antioch Law Journal 4 (Summer): 5-71.

Dotson, Betty Lou. 1986. Memo to Regional Managers from Betty Lou Dotson, Acting Deputy Director, Office of Program Operations, Health and Human Services, February 12.

Dowd, Maureen. 1983. "Superfund, Supermess." Time, February 21, 14-16. Dymally , Mervyn M. 1986a. Letter to Henry A. Waxman, Chair, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment , March 10.

—. 1986b. Letter to Ted Weiss, Chair, Intergovernmental Relations and Human Resources Subcommittee, March 10.

Elliston, Frederick , John Kennan , Paula Lockhart , and Jan van Schaick . 1985. Whistleblowing Research: Methodological and Moral Issues. New York: Praeger.

Farnsworth, Clyde H. 1988. In Defense of the Government's Whistle Blowers ." New York Times, July 26, 10.

Freeman, Hal. 1985. Memo to File Re Complaint from Philip Monfette , December 30.

—. 1986a. Memo to Betty Lou Dotson, Director, Office for Civil Rights, February 7.

—. 1986b. Letter of Resignation to Betty Lou Dotson, Director, OCR, February 20.

Frome, Michael. 1978. "Blowing the Whistle." Center Magazine , NovemberDecember, 50-58.

Fukumoto, James. 1989. Personal interview with James Fukumoto, OCR staff and former legislative fellow, February 20.

Glazer, Myron Peretz , and Penina Migdal Glazer. 1989. The Whistleblowers: Exposing Corruption in Government and Industry. New York: Basic Books .

Gormley, William T. , Jr. 1989. Taming the Bureaucracy: Muscles, Prayers, and Other Strategies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Graff, Leonard. 1986. Letter to Hal Freeman from Leonard Graff, Legal Director, National Gay Rights Advocates, February 18.

Graham, Jill W. 1986. "Principled Organizational Dissent: A Theoretical Essay ." Research in Organizational Behavior 8: 1-52.

Gruber, Judith E. 1987. Controlling Bureaucracies: Dilemmas in Democratic Governance . Berkeley: University of California Press.

Grumm, John G. and Stephen L. Wasby . 1980. "Introduction by the Symposium Coeditors," Symposium on the Analysis of Policy Impact, Policy Studies Journal 8 (Summer): 849-51.

Henry, William A. , III. 1982. "This Ice Queen Does Not Melt." Time, January 18, 16, 19.

Hoffman, Pat. 1989. Personal interview with Pat Hoffman, special assistant to the deputy director of OCR, February 17 and 20.

Hood, James P. 1986a. Memo to George Lyon, Acting Associate General Counsel Re: Monfette v. San Francisco Sheriff's Department from James Hood, Special Assistant to the Director, Office of Program Operations, OCR/ HHS, February 14.

—. 1986b. Memo to Acting Regional Manager, OCR IX from James Hood, Special Assistant to the Director, Office of Program Operations, February 27.

Hyland, J. Brian. 1989. "The Inspector General's Message: U.S. Department of Labor Semiannual Report, October 1, 1988-March 31, 1989." Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Labor.

Kaufman, Hugh. 1989. Personal interview with Hugh Kaufman, July 11 and August 1.

Kingdon, John W. 1984. Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston: Little Brown.

Kmiec, Douglas, W. 1988. Memorandum to Arthur B. Culvahouse, Jr., counsel to the President from Douglas W. Kmiec, acting assistant attorney general, Office of Legal Counsel.

Kohn, Stephen M. , and Michael D. Kohn . 1986. "An Overview of Federal and State Whistleblower Protections." Antioch Law Journal 4: 99-152.

Kraft, Michael E. , and Norman J. Vig. 1984. "Environmental Policy in the Reagan Presidency." Political Science Quarterly 99 (Fall): 415-39.

Kurtz, Howard. 1986. "HHS Aides's Travel Expense Probed." Washington Post, September 25, A4.

Kurtz, Howard. 1987. "HHS Civil Rights Chief Resigns Amid Probe." Washington Post, March 12, A17.

Macpherson, Mike. 1989. Personal interview with Mike Macpherson, Hal Freeman's partner, January 31.

Maitland, Leslie. 1983. "House Unit to Get Subpoenaed Data." New York Times, February 17, 11.

Marlow, Ruth. 1986. "Civil Rights Office at HHS Described as 'Out of Control .' " Federal Times, August 25, 7.

Mathews, Jay. 1986. "HHS Worker Resigns in Protest: Regional Office Says Help Barred in AIDS Discrimination Cases." Washington Post, February 22, A26.

McClure, Phyllis. 1986. Letter to Hal Freeman from Phyllis McClure, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, March 26.

McNeil, Donald G. , Jr. 1979. "E.P.A. Aides Assert Disposal Rules Exempt Some Highly Toxic Rules." New York Times, July 19, 18.

Mitchell, Greg. 1979. "The Deadly Silence." Feature (March): 48-57.

Monfette, Philip. 1985. Complaint Alleging Discrimination Against the City and County of San Francisco, December 18.

Nader, Ralph , Peter J. Pethas , and Kate Blackwell , eds. 1972. Whistle Blowing: The Report of the Conference on Professional Responsibility. New York: Grossman .

Neustadt, Richard E. 1980. Presidential Power: The Politics of Leadership from FDR to Carter. New York: Wiley .

New York Times. 1982. "E.P.A. Check on Critic ." July 3, 5.

Oakland Tribune. 1986. "HHS Executive Quits in AIDS Dispute." February 22, 85.

Office for Civil Rights. 1986. " Region IX Procedures for AIDS/ARC," revised October.

Office of Special Counsel. 1988. " A Report to Congress from the Office of the Special Counsel, Fiscal Year 1987 ." Washington, DC: U.S. Merit Systems Protection Board.

Oneglia, Stewart B. 1986. Letter to Floyd Adams from Stewart Oneglia, Chief, Coordination and Review Section, Civil Rights Division, U.S. Department of Justice, January 29.

Parmerlee, M.A. , J.P. Near , and T.C. Jensen. 1982. "Correlates of WhistleBlowers' Perceptions of Organizational Retaliation." Administrative Science Quarterly 27: 17-34.

Pear, Robert. 1986. "AIDS Victims Gain in Fight on Rights." New York Times, June 8.

Perry, James L. 1989. "The Organizational Consequences of Whistleblowing ." Unpublished manuscript.

Peters, Charles , and Taylor Branch. 1972. Blowing the Whistle: Dissent in the Public Interest. New York: Praeger.

Rich, Spencer. 1987. "HHS Accused of Failing to Enforce Antibias Laws ." Washington Post, April 17, A20.

Robertson, Richard. 1989. Personal interview with Richard Robertson, formerly AIDS coordinator, Region IX, OCR, February 16.

Sabatier, Paul A. 1987. "Knowledge, Policy-Oriented Learning, and Political Change: An Advocacy Coalition Framework." Knowledge: Creation, Utilization, Diffusion 8: 649-92.

Schilts , Randy. 1986. "Civil Rights Official Quits over AIDS Policy." San Francisco Chronicle, February 22, Section A (I), 3.

Shabecoff, Philip. 1982a. "Persistent Whistle-Blower at E.P.A." New York Times, April 14, 20.

—. 1982b. "House Charges Head of E.P.A. With Contempt." New York Times, December 17, 1, 20.

Shabecoff, Philip. 1983. "E.P.A. and Aide Reach Settlement Averting Hearing on Harassment." New York Times, February 15, 19.

Soeken, Karen L. , and Donald R. Soeken . 1987. "A Survey of Whistleblowers: Their Stressors and Coping Strategies." Reprinted in Whistleblowing Protection Act of 1987, Hearings before the Subcommittee on Federal Services, Post Office and Civil Service, Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, 100 Congress, First Session, July 20 and 31.

Steward, Julie , Thomas Devine , and Dina Rasor. 1989. "Courage Without Martyrdom: A Survival Guide for Whistleblowers." Washington, D.C.: Government Accountability Project and Project on Military Procurement , October.

Taylor, Stuart , Jr. 1983a. "Dingell Says He Has Evidence of E.P.A. 'Criminal Conduct.'" New York Times, March 2, 1, 22.

—. 1983b. "E.P.A. Inquiries Center on Four Issues." New York Times, March 13, 36.

Truelson, Judith A. 1986. "Blowing the Whistle on Systematic Corruption." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.

—. 1987. "Blowing the Whistle on Systematic Corruption: On Maximizing Reform or Minimizing Retaliation." Corruption and Reform 2 (Spring): 55-74.

U.S. Department of Commerce. 1989. " Inspector General's Semiannual Report to the Congress Covering the Period October 1, 1988-March 3, 1989." Washington, DC: Department of Commerce.

U.S. Department of Defense Inspector General. 1989. "Semiannual Report to the Congress, October 1988 to March 31, 1989." Washington, DC: Department of Defense, May 30.

U.S. House of Representatives. 1982. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Reauthorization. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Commerce, Transportation, and Tourism of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, 97th Congress, Second Session, March 31 and April 21.

U.S. House of Representatives. 1987. Committee on Government Operations, News Release, April 16.

U.S. Senate. 1979. Oversight of Hazardous Waste Management and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act . Hearings before the Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management of the Committee on Governmental Affairs, 96th Congress , First Session, July 19 and August 1.

U.S. Senate. 1983. Examining the Role of Whistleblowers in the Administrative Process. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Administrative Practice and Procedure of the Committee on the Judiciary, 98th Congress, First Session, November 14.

Vandivier, Kermit. 1972. "The Aircraft Brake Scandal." Harper's Magazine (April): 45-52.

Vig, Norman J. and Michael E. Kraft , eds. 1984. Environmental Policy in the 1980s: Reagan's New Agenda. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

Wakefield, Susan. 1976. "Ethics and the Public Service: A Case for Individual Responsibility." Public Administration Review (November/December): 660-66.

Washington Monthly. 1986. "The Leak That Sank Rita." Washington Monthly (January): 18-19.

Weisband, Edward , and Thomas M. Franck . 1975. Resignation in Protest. New York: Grossman.

Westin, Alan , ed. 1981. Whistle-Blowing! Loyalty and Dissent in the Corporation. New York: McGraw Hill.

Wood, B. Dan. 1988. "Principals, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcements." American Political Science Review 82: 213-34.