Growth in the U.S. Latino population has prompted speculation that the “racialization” of welfare with respect to African Americans would eventually extend to Latinos. The authors assess this prediction, analyzing public attitudes toward welfare spending and national health insurance and their linkages to attitudes about Latinos and undocumented immigrants. The authors find significant relationships between affect for “illegal immigrants” and social welfare attitudes, conditional on party identification. The findings indicate that Americans view undocumented immigrants as the beneficiaries of social welfare policies, not the wider Latino population. Furthermore, the framing of social service utilization by undocumented immigrants could threaten the Democratic coalition.
AiChunrongNortonEdward C.2003. “Interaction Terms in Logit and Probit Models.” Economics Letters80:123-29.
2.
AllportGordon. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.
3.
AveryJames M.PeffleyMark. 2003. “Race Matters: The Impact of News Coverage of Welfare Reform on Public Opinion.” In Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform, edited by SchramS. F.SossJ.FordingR. C., 131-150. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
4.
BoboLawrenceKluegelJames R.1993. “Opposition to Race-Targeting: Self-Interest, Stratification Ideology, or Racial Attitudes?” American Sociological Review58:443-64.
5.
BraderTedValentinoNicholasSuhayElizabeth. 2008. “What Triggers Public Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration Threat.” American Journal of Political Science52:959-78.
6.
BurnsPeterGimpelJames G.2000. “Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy.” Political Science Quarterly115:201-25.
7.
CamarotaSteven A.2011. “Welfare Use by Immigrant Households with Children: A Look at Cash, Medicaid, Housing, and Food Programs.” Washington, DC: Center for Immigration Studies. http://cis.org/immigrant-welfare-use-2011.
8.
CarminesEdward G.LaymanGeoffrey C.1998. “When Prejudice Matters: The Impact of Racial Stereotypes on the Policy Preferences of Democrats and Republicans.” In Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States, edited by HurwitzJonPeffleyMark, 100-134. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
9.
CharlesC. Z.2000. “Neighborhood Racial-Composition Preferences: Evidence from a Multiethnic Metropolis.” Social Problems47:379-407.
10.
CharlesC. Z.2001. “Processes of Racial Residential Segregation.” In Urban Inequality: Evidence from Four Cities, edited by O’ConnorA.TillyC.BoboL. D., 217-71. New York: Russell Sage.
11.
Congressional Budget Office. 2007. The Impact of Unauthorized Immigrants on the Budgets of State and Local Governments. Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office.
12.
CummingsScott. 1977. “Racial Prejudice and Political Orientations among Blue-Collar Workers.” Social Science Quarterly57:907-20.
13.
DeNavas-WaltCarmenProctorBernadette D.SmithJessica C.2010. “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2009.” Current Population Reports P60-238. Washington, DC: U.S. Census Bureau.
14.
DixonJeffrey C.RosenbaumMichael S.2004. “Nice to Know You? Testing Contact, Cultural, and Group Threat Theories of Anti-Black and Anti-Hispanic Stereotypes.” Social Science Quarterly85:257-80.
15.
DyckJoshua D.HusseyLaura S.2008. “The End of Welfare as We Know It? Durable Attitudes in a Changing Information Environment.” Public Opinion Quarterly72:589-618.
ForbesH. D.1997. Ethnic Conflict: Commerce, Culture and the Contact Hypothesis. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
18.
FoxCybelle. 2004. “The Changing Color of Welfare? How Whites’ Attitudes toward Latinos Influence Support for Welfare.” American Journal of Sociology110:581-625.
19.
FreemanJo. 1986. “The Political Culture of the Democratic and Republican Parties.” Political Science Quarterly101:327-56.
20.
GilensMartin. 1999. Why Americans Hate Welfare: Race, Media, and the Politics of Antipoverty Policy. Chicago: University of Chicago.
21.
HainmuellerJensHiscoxMichael J.2010. “Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-Skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment.” American Political Science Review104:61-84.
22.
HeroRodney E.PreuhsRobert R.2007. “Immigration and the Evolving American Welfare State: Examining Policies in the U.S. States.” American Journal of Political Science51:498-517.
23.
HillygusD. SunshineShieldsTodd G.2008. The Persuadable Voter: Wedge Issues in Presidential Campaigns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
24.
HopkinsDaniel. 2010. “Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition.” American Political Science Review104:40-60.
25.
HuberGregory A.EspenshadeThomas J.1997. “Neo-Isolationism, Balanced-Budget Conservatism, and the Fiscal Impact of Immigrants.” International Migration Review31:1031-54.
26.
KinderDonald R.SandersLynn M.1996. Divided by Color: Racial Politics and Democratic Ideals. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
27.
KrysanMaria. 2002. “Whites Who Say They’d Flee: Who Are They, and Why Would They Leave?” Demography39:675-96.
LapinskiJohn S.PeltolaPiaShawGregYangAlan. 1997. “Trends: Immigrants and Immigration.” Public Opinion Quarterly61:356-83.
30.
LaymanGeoffrey C.CarseyThomas M.2002. “Party Polarization and ‘Conflict Extension’ in the American Electorate.” American Journal of Political Science46:786-802.
31.
LongJ. ScottFreeseJeremy. 2006. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata. 2nd ed.College Station, TX: Stata Press.
32.
MartinJackRuarkEric A.2011. The Fiscal Burden of Illegal Immigration on U.S. Taxpayers. Washington, DC: Federation for American Immigration Reform.
33.
MasseyDouglas S.DentonNancy. 1993. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
34.
McConahayJohn. 1982. “Self-interest versus Racial Attitudes as Correlates of Anti-Busing Attitudes in Louisville: Is It the Buses or the Blacks?” Journal of Politics44:692-720.
35.
NelsonThomas E.1999. “Group Affect and Attribution in Social Policy Opinion.” Journal of Politics61:331-62.
NewtonLina. 2008. Illegal, Alien, or Immigrant: The Politics of Immigration Reform. New York: New York University.
38.
OlzakSusan. 1989. “Labor Unrest, Immigration and Ethnic Conflict in Urban America, 1880–1914.” American Journal of Sociology94:1303-33.
39.
PeffleyMarkHurwitzJonSnidermanPaul M.1997. “Racial Stereotypes and Whites’ Political Views of Blacks in the Context of Welfare and Crime.” American Journal of Political Science41:30-60.
40.
PrestonJulia. 2009a. “Health Care Debate Focuses on Legal Immigrants.” New York Times, November4, A14.
41.
PrestonJulia. 2009b. “Health Care Debate Revives Immigration Battle.” New York Times, September5, A22.
42.
PreuhsRobert R.2007. “Descriptive Representation as a Mechanism to Mitigate Policy Backlash: Latino Incorporation and Welfare Policy in the American States.” Political Research Quarterly60:277-92.
43.
QuillianLincoln. 1995. “Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe.” American Sociological Review60:586-611.
44.
RamakrishnanKarthickEsterlingKevinNebloMichaelLazerDavid. 2011. “Legal Status, National Origin Cues, and Public Opinion on Immigration.” Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Seattle, WA, September.
45.
ReeseEllen. 2007. “The Causes and Consequences of U.S. Welfare Retrenchment.” Journal of Poverty11:47-63.
46.
SchneiderAnneIngramHelen. 1993. “Social Construction of Target Populations: Implications for Politics and Policy.” American Political Science Review87:334-47.
47.
SchrainMartin. 2008. The Politics of Immigration in France, Britain, and the United States: A Comparative Study. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
48.
SchramSanford F.2003. “Putting a Black Face on Welfare: The Good and the Bad.” In Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform, edited by SchramS. F.SossJ.FordingR. C., 196-221. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
49.
SchumanHowardSteehCharlotteBoboLawrenceKrysanMaria. 1997. Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations. Rev. ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
50.
ShortRobertMaganaLisa. 2002. “Political Rhetoric, Immigration Attitudes, and Contemporary Prejudice: A Mexican American Dilemma.” Journal of Social Psychology142:701-12.
51.
SmithHeather A.FurusethOwen J.2006. Latinos in the New South: Transformations of Place. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
52.
SmithTom W.DempseyGlenn R.1983. “The Polls: Ethnic Social Distance and Prejudice.” Public Opinion Quarterly47:584-600.
SnidermanPaul M.PiazzaThomas. 1993. The Scar of Race. Cambridge, MA: Belknap.
55.
SossJoeFordingRichard C.SchramSanford F.2011. Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
56.
SossJoeSchramSanford F.VartanianThomas P.O’BrienErin. 2003. “The Hard Line and the Color Line: Race, Welfare, and the Roots of Get-Tough Reform.” In Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform, edited by SchramS. F.SossJ.FordingR. C., 225-253. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
57.
TichenorDaniel J.2002. Dividing Lines: The Politics of Immigration Control in America. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
58.
TimberlakeJeffreyIcelandJohn. 2007. “Change in Racial and Ethnic Residential Inequality in American Cities, 1970–2000.” City and Community6:335-65.
59.
U.S. General Accounting Office. 1997. “Illegal Aliens: Extent of Welfare Benefits Received on Behalf of U.S. Citizen Children.” Report to congressional committees, Washington, DC.
60.
WilcoxClydeSigelmanLeeCookElizabeth. 1989. “Some Like It Hot: Individual Differences in Responses to Group Feeling Thermometers.” Public Opinion Quarterly53:246-57.
61.
WilsonWilliam Julius. 1997. When Work Disappears. New York: Vintage.
62.
WinterNicholas J. G.2006. “Beyond Welfare: Framing and the Racialization of White Opinion on Social Security.” American Journal of Political Science50:400-420.
63.
WinterNicholasBerinskyAdam. 1999. “What’s Your Temperature? Thermometer Ratings and Political Analysis.” Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, GA, August.
