Designers can't be effective in making users' jobs easier if they lack a complete understanding of those jobs.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
BodkerS.KnudsenJ.KyngM.EhnP.MadsenK. (1988). Computer support for cooperative design. In Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (pp. 116–123). New York: ACM Press
2.
BowersJ.PycockJ. (1994). Talking through design: Requirements and resistance in cooperative prototyping In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 299–305). New York: ACM Press
3.
BrownJ.DuguidP. (2002). The social life of information.Boston: Harvard Business School Press
4.
CarlileP. (2002). A pragmatic view of knowledge and boundaries: Boundary objects in new product developmentOrganization Science, 13, 442–455
5.
CookS. D. N.BrownJ. S. (1999). Bridging epistemologies: The generative dance between organizational knowledge and organizational knowingOrganization Science, 10, 381–400
6.
FingerS.GardnerE.SubramanianE. (1993). Design support systems for concurrent engineering: A case study in large power transformer design. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Engineering Design (pp. 1433–1440). The Hague, Netherlands: Design Society
7.
FischerG. (1999). Symmetry of ignorance, social creativity, and meta-design In Proceedings of the Third Creativity & Cognition Conference (pp. 116–123). New York: ACM Press
8.
GomaaH.ScottD. (1981). Prototyping as a tool in the specification of user requirements. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Software Engineering (pp. 333–342). New York: ACM Press
9.
GunaratneJ.HwongB.NelsonC.RudorferA. (2004). Using evolutionary prototypes to formalize product requirements. In Proceedings of International Conference on Software Engineering: Bridging the Gaps Between Software Engineering and HCI (pp. 17–20). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society
10.
LeeC. (2004). Collaborative design: A taxonomy of artifacts and practices used to design a museum exhibition. In International Engineering and Product Design Education Conference (pp. 1–8). Delft, Netherlands: Design Society
11.
MullerM.WildmanD.WhiteE. (1993). Participatory designCommunications of the ACM, 36, 24–28
12.
OhiraM.YamamotoY.TakadaS.NakakojiK. (1999). EVIDI1: An environment for constructing shared understanding through visualizing differences of impressions. In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Future Software Technology (ISFST-99; pp. 113–118). Nanjing, China: Software Engineers Associates
13.
PaiS.AllendoerferK. (2005). Conference Control System computer-human interface prototype description and design rationale (DOT/FAA/CT-05/06).Atlantic City International Airport, NJ: Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center
14.
RittelH. W. J. (1984). Second generation design methods. In CrossN. (Ed.), Developments in design methodology (pp. 317–327). New York: Wiley
15.
SchacterD. (1985). Implicit memory: History and current statusJournal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 13, 501–518
16.
StarS. L. (1989). The structure of ill-structured solutions: Boundary objects and heterogeneous distributed problem solving. In GasserL.HuhnsM.N. (Eds.), Distributed artificial intelligence (pp. 37–54). San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann
17.
SubramanianE.MonarchI.KondaS.GrangerH.MillikenR.WesterbergA.the N-DIM Group. (2003). Boundary objects and prototypes at the interfaces of engineering designComputer-Supported Collaborative Work, 12, 185–203
18.
WilliamsM.BeggV. (1992). Translation in participatory design: Lessons from a workshopINTERACT ′93 and CHI ′93 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 55–56). New York: ACM Press
