Medication Therapy Management Programs: Forming a New Cornerstone for Quality and Safety in Medicare

Public L No. 108-173, Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003.

42 CFR Parts 400, 403, 411, 417, and 423. Medicare Program, Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit. Final rule.

Chodosh J , Morton SC , Mojica W , et al. Meta-analysis: chronic disease self-management programs for older adults. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:427-438.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services . Higher Quality Care Through Medicare's Modernization Benefits. CMS Issue Paper No. 13. Available at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/medicarereform/issuepapers/title1and2/files/issue_paper_13_-_quality_improvements.pdf. Accessed October 21, 2005.

Hepler CD , Strand LM . Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care.Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47:533-543.

Zermansky AG , Petty DR , Raynor DK , Freemantle N , Vail A , Lowe CJ . Randomised controlled trial of clinical medication review by a pharmacist of elderly patients receiving repeat prescriptions in general practice. BMJ. 2001;323:1340-1343.

Hanlon JT , Weinberger M , Samsa GP , et al. A randomized, controlled trial of a clinical pharmacist intervention to improve inappropriate prescribing in elderly outpatients with polypharmacy. Am J Med. 1996;100:428-437.

Leape LL , Cullen DJ , Clapp MD , et al. Pharmacist participation on physician rounds and adverse drug events in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 1999;282:267-270.

Kucukarslan SN , Peters M , Mlynarek M , Nafziger DA . Pharmacists on rounding teams reduce preventable adverse drug events in hospital general medicine units. Arch Intern Med. 2003;163:2014-2018.

Summary of the Executive Sessions on Medication Therapy Management Programs: Bethesda, Maryland, June 14 and August 18, 2004. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62:585-592.

American Pharmacists Association and National Association of Chain Drug Stores Foundation . Medication therapy management in community pharmacy practice: core elements of a MTM service (version 1.0). J Am Pharm Assoc. 2005;45: 573-579.

Thompson CA . National billing codes announced for pharmacists’ clinical services. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62: 1640-1642.

Kuo GM , Buckley TE , Fitzsimmons DS , Steinbauer JR . Collaborative drug therapy management services and reimbursement in a family medicine clinic. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004;61:343-354.

Stebbins MR , Kaufman DJ , Lipton HL . The PRICE clinic for low-income elderly: a managed care model for implementing pharmacist-directed services. J Manag Care Pharm.2005;11:333-341.

Smith SR , Catellier DJ , Conlisk EA , Upchurch GA . A community-based medication therapy management program to assist seniors with limited incomes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63:372-379.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services . Medicare health support overview. Available at: http://www.cms.hhs.gov/ccip/. Accessed October 21, 2005.

Centers for Education and Research on Therapeutics . Overview: fact sheet. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/certsovr.htm. Accessed October 21, 2005.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality . Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness (DEcIDE) Network. Available at: http://effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/decide/index.cfm/. Accessed October 21, 2005.