Improving Outcomes in Asthma: Role of Pharmacy

Expert Panel Report: guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, MD: NIH Publication No. 91–3042, 1991.

International Consensus Report: diagnosis and management of asthma. Bethesda, MD: NIH Publication No. 92–3091, 1992.

Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. Bethesda, MD: NIH Publication No. 95–3659, 1995.

Holgate S. . Mediator and cytokine mechanisms in asthma. Thorax 1993; 48: 103–9.

Barnes P.J. . Immunomodulation as asthma therapy: where do we stand? Eur Respir J 1996; (suppl 22): 154s–9s.

Mayo P.H. , Richman J. , Harris H.W. . Results of a program to reduce admissions for adult asthma. Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 864–71.

Zeiger R.S. , Heller S. , Mellon M.H. , Wald J. , Falkoff R. , Schatz M. . Facilitated referral to asthma specialist reduces relapses in asthma emergency room visits. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991; 87: 1160–8.

Muhlauser I. , Richter B. , Kraut D. , Weske G. , Worth H. , Berger M. . Evaluation of a structured treatment and teaching programme on asthma. J Intern Med 1991; 230: 157–64.

Bolton M.B. , Tilley B.C. , Kuder J. , Reeves T. , Schultz L.R. . The cost and effectiveness of an education program for adults who have asthma. J Gen Intern Med 1991; 6: 401–7.

Drummond N. , Abdalla M. , Buckingham J.K. , Beattie J.A.G. , Lindsay T. , Osman L.M. . Integrated care for asthma: a clinical, social, and economical evaluation. Grampian Asthma Study of Integrated Care (GRASSIC). BMJ 1994; 308: 559–64.

Drummond N. , Abdalla M. , Beattie J.A.G. , Buckingham J.K. , Lindsay T. , Osman L.M. . Effectiveness of routine self monitoring of peak flow in patients with asthma (GRASSIC). BMJ 1994; 308: 564–7.

Osman L.M. , Abdalla M. , Beattie J.A.G. , Ross S.J. , Russell I.T. , Friend J.A.R. . Reducing hospital admissions through computer supported education for asthma patients (GRASSIC). BMJ 1994; 308: 568–71.

Harten T.V. , Windom H.H. , Peebles R.S. , Freidhoff L.R. , Togias A. . Inadequate outpatient medical therapy for patients with asthma admitted to two urban hospitals. Am J Med 1996; 100: 386–94.

Kelso T.M. , Self T.H. , Rumbak M.J. , Stephens M.A. , Garrett W. , Arheart K. . Educational and long term therapeutic intervention in the ED: effect on outcomes in adult indigent minority asthmatics. Am J Emerg Med 1995; 13: 632–7.

Kelso T.M. , Abou-Shala N. , Heilker G.M. , Arheart K. , Portner T.S. , Self T.H. . Comprehensive long term management program for asthma: effect on outcomes in adult African Americans. Am J Med Sci 1996; 311: 272–80.

Im J. . Evaluation of effectiveness of an asthma clinic managed by an ambulatory care pharmacist. Calif J Hosp Pharm 1993; 5: 5–6.

Pauley T.R. , Magee M.J. , Cury J.D. . Pharmacist-managed, physician-directed asthma management program reduces emergency department visits. Ann Pharmacother 1995; 29: 5–9.

Self T.H. , Kelso T.M. , Abou-Shala N. , Rumbak M.J. . Clinical pharmacist initiated programs for improving outcomes in adult, African American asthmatics (abstract). First National Conference on Asthma Management, Arlington, VA, October 11–13, 1992.

Grainger-Rousseau T. , McElnay J.C. . Community pharmacy based care of asthma patients: a practice model. In: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Pharmacy: effective care in practice. First International Symposium on the Role of the Pharmacist in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1993: 9–10.

Hindi-Alexander M.C. , Cropp G.L. . Evaluation of a family asthma program. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984; 74: 505–10.

Clark N.M. , Feldman C.H. , Evans D. , Levinson M.J. , Wasilewski Y. , Mellins R.B. . The impact of health education on frequency and cost of health use by low income children with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986; 78: 108–15.

Hanchak N.A. , Murray J.F. , Arkans H. , McHugh E. , McDermott P. , Schlackman N. . Improved outcomes of an outpatient pediatric asthma patient management program in an IPA HMO. Am J Managed Care 1996; 2: 387–91.

Nahata M.C. . Emergency department and hospital admissions associated with poor compliance with theophylline therapy in children with asthma. Drug Invest 1991; 3: 234–8.

Drazen J.M. , Israel E. , Boushey H.A. , Chinchilli V.M. , Fahy J.V. , Fish J.E. . Comparison of regularly scheduled with as needed use of albuterol in mild asthma. N Engl J Med 1996; 335: 841–7.

Jaber L.A. , Halapy H. , Fernet M. , Tummalapalli S. , Diwakaran H. . Evaluation of a pharmaceutical care model on diabetes management. Ann Pharmacother 1996; 30: 238–43.

Evans W.E. , Crom W.R. , Abromowitch M. , Dodge R. , Look A.T. , Bowman W.P. . Clinical pharmacodynamics of high-dose methotrexate in acute lymphocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med 1986; 314: 471–7.